Plum blossoms originate from southeast, southwest, central China, and Taiwan, which are native to China. They are warm and warm, but they can also withstand low temperatures. There are now dozens of cold-resistant varieties capable of overwintering in the northern part of the region. Plum is not strict with the soil, and it is poor and resistant. All well-drained clays, loam and sandy loam, and slightly alkaline soil (pH 6-8) can grow well. Mei is most afraid of embarrassment. In the event of a large amount of accumulated water, he often rots to death. Plum has a strong ability to fight drought, but it is often too dry in winter to fall. The dry winds in the early spring in the north often cause physiological droughts and dry some branches. Therefore, the northern bogey is planted in the tuyere. The plum blossoms are hi-yang and grow well in sunny places.
Second, garden planting and bonsai and cut flowers
1: Garden planting: Plum blossoms are used in garden cultivation in our country, and traditional techniques are used to create a group view of “three friends and three friends†in pine, bamboo and plum. To highlight the plum blossom as the theme, it is also recommended that three or five percent of the bushes or solitary plants be planted in front of the windows, corners, pools, roadsides, bridges, kiosks, and gates. Or build a plum blossom park, such as Meilin, Meiling, Meifeng, Meixi, and Meiji. The flowers are blossoming and fragrant. It is the best place for tourists and scholars to walk through the snow to find plums, plums and plums. In order to plant plum blossoms in the open, we must choose varieties that are suitable for the local climatic conditions and choose leeward, sunny, and well-drained areas. Planting time, most of the area south of the Yellow River, south of the Huai River can be planted before the winter, is conducive to early root growth of plum blossom. The northern arid region can be planted in the spring. The seedlings purchased in advance are buried in sandy soil and planted until the soil is thawed. Before planting, dig a tree well and mix the fertilizer. If the soil is too viscous, you must add fine sand, broken orange rods, or coal ash to the tree to facilitate drainage. Before planting, long roots must be trimmed. The best condition is to plant the roots with mud, and add rooting powder, carbendazim, and plant growth regulators. The planting depth is the same as that of the original seedlings. After irrigating the plant, leave 50-70 cm for cutting. In large trees planted in the North, branches should be cut as much as possible in order to reduce evaporation of water and increase the survival rate. In order to prevent the wind from shaking, bamboo rafts can be used to fix the triangle. In the cold regions of the northern part of the country, proper soil protection should be provided before freezing in the first two years, and after a few years of acclimation, antifreeze measures can be lifted.
2: Bonsai cultivation: Since ancient times, our people have been very fond of using plum blossoms to make bonsai, placed in front of windows and desks for viewing. To appreciate the plump roots of the pot plum, stout and colorful. Just like the writer Gong Zizheng: 'Mei's song is beautiful, but it's straight, but it's beautiful, but it's nowhere. If it's sparse, it's secret. '
Potted plums are divided into large ancient plum piles and small bonsais. Ancient plum bonsai is cultivated with wild plum blossoms and cultivated for many years. Xiaopenmei is made from small seedlings. Plum small bonsai, fast training, low cost, able to achieve mass production. With the ease of packaging and transportation, there is a good market prospect. To cultivate small pot plums, we must first select the varieties that are easy to form flower buds and flowering, while taking care of the flowers and colors. Such as small red cinnabar, small green, green, white cinnabar, pink cinnabar, pink Palace powder, Tiger Hill late powder, Nanjing red, Nanjing red beard, Taohong Pavilion, Fenghou, Memorial and Mei Mei. First, plant the seedlings in Daejeon at a spacing of 30-50 cm. Grafting, root shaping, and pruning are then performed. After 2 to 3 years of field cultivation, the pots will be raised in the winter or early spring. Potted earth should use humus containing humus, but also add some garden soil and fine sand to ensure the permeability of the soil. When basin on the basis of the shape of the small plum pile and then pruning the roots and branches, so that the basin with the best viewing angle.
3: Cut flower cultivation With the continuous development of the fresh cut flower market at home and abroad, plum blossom cut flowers have begun to attract the attention of domestic and foreign customers. In foreign countries, a bunch of plum blossoms costs dozens of dollars. Due to the current lack of plum blossom production bases in the country, there is almost no supply in the market. The establishment of plum blossom production base will have great development prospects.
Cut flower production nursery should also choose fertile soil, ventilation to sunny, well-drained plots. Deep plowing, apply enough manure. Planting spacing of 3 meters, spacing of 1.5-2 meters is appropriate. When planting, it is better to divide the branches by variety to facilitate the daily management and to facilitate the cutting of flower branches. The planting period depends on the climatic conditions in various regions in autumn and winter and early spring. In northern China, early and prolonged shearing time can also be cultivated using greenhouse facilities.
Plum blossoms are mainly harvested and are different from gardening and bonsai planting. There are many medium and long squids and few short branches. Therefore, the first year of planting seedlings left 30 cm to cut, and then leave 3 to 5 shoots as they grow evenly. In the following spring, the remaining branches are cut at about 20 cm and the secondary skeleton is cultured. In the second winter and the third year of spring, when cutting flowers are cut, two or three branches are left at the secondary skeleton and cut at about 15 cm to form a third skeleton. Each subsequent branch will be cut with 3 to 4 buds. To cultivate short internodes and good quality flowers, one or two chlormequats can be sprayed in the early growth stage. Suitable varieties of cut flowers are preferred for their beautiful branches, rich aromas, dense flowers, large amount of flower production, and long insertion time. Such as pink Palace powder, buckled red, small green, double Bizhi, late bowl powder, small palace powder, plain white Taiwan, Jiangnan cinnabar, single cinnabar, flap flap, Longyou, two red palace Powder, Ningxin, Huqiu Night Powder, Peach Blossoms, Jiqian Bird, Nanjing Red, and Mei Mei.
Third, water and fertilizer management
1 Watering: Plum blossoms require sufficient moisture throughout the vegetative period. Reasonable water supply can make plum blossom well. Although the drought-resistant plum blossoms, but a serious lack of water, it will also cause poor plant growth, and even death. In northern cold regions, plum trees often cause physiological freezing due to lack of water in the soil. Therefore, winter should pay attention to security. From spring to early summer, we must also water and drought.
Plums and peaches are most afraid of flooding. Generally the roots are soaked in water for more than 24 hours. In addition to the high temperatures in summer, the plants will soon suffer from anaerobic respiration. Caused the plant to stop growing, showing yellow leaves and deciduous phenomenon. After a long time, the plant died. Therefore, in the summer rainy season, a large drainage ditch will be built in Daejeon.
Potted plum should pay more attention to the control and management of water. The number and amount of watering should be determined according to the temperature, humidity, and basin drainage. During the growing season, until June to July (ie, the early stage of flower bud differentiation), the basin soil should be kept moist to ensure the supply of moisture during the vegetative stage. From July to August, the flower bud differentiation period (the flower bud differentiation period differs depending on the cultivation conditions and the climate conditions in the north and south). We should master the principle of "not pouring or pouring." After the shoots wilted to the new shoots, some of the leaves shrank and then they drenched. This "buckling water" 2 to 3 times, control vegetative growth and promote flower bud differentiation. Plum buds are precocious. They can germinate 2-3 shoots throughout the entire vegetative growth process. If water is not properly controlled, the shoots will germinate for the second three times. Flower buds will not be easily formed and will not bloom or bloom in the coming year. less. Some people maintain the plums without flowering. This is one of the main reasons. However, if there is excessive water loss, the leaves will still not return to normal after watering, and the leaves will dry out or fall off, which will also affect flower bud differentiation or death. In addition, excessive watering, poor ventilation, will cause physiological defoliation, will not bloom in the coming year.
After the physiological differentiation of flower buds was completed in July-August, normal watering was resumed. In winter, the temperature is low, the water requirement is less, and it should not be poured or poured.
In the spring and at the turn of spring and summer in the north, the climate is dry, and water can often be sprayed on old plum piles and small basin plums to increase air humidity. When the hot sun is hot, shading nets with a shading rate of 40-50% can be erected on the plums to prevent the leaves from curling prematurely, which is conducive to the normal growth of plum blossoms.
2 fertilization: Plum is more resistant to barren, generally do not need to over-fertilize, too many leaves are leggy, flower buds are not easy to form. However, too little can cause poor growth. The principle of fertilization is 'a few, many times. 'The flower buds differentiated mainly with nitrogen fertilizer. Decomposable human excrement and bean cake water, but also can add a small amount of urea, fertilization once in 10 days is appropriate. From July to August, after flower bud differentiation, phosphorus and potash fertilizers were mainly used. Such as superphosphate, phosphorus and potassium content of the compound fertilizer. Fertilize 2-3 times a month. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate and foliar fertilizer can also be used.
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