There are 12 species of lobsters, such as arthropods, crustaceans, decapoda, lobsters, and lobsters. The most common are lobster PanuliruSornatuS), Japanese lobsters (PanuliruSjaponiCuS) and Chinese lobsters (PanuliruSStimpSoni). The largest size of Fairview lobsters is 55Cm and the Japanese lobsters are smaller. Lobster is delicious, nutritious and magnificent in colour. It is considered the king of shrimp. The lobster is of mixed diet and uses shellfish, small trash fish, small animals and seaweed as its main feed. It likes to inhabit in the crevices of the reefs, crouching at night and feeding, with a life cycle of several years. It spawns from April to July every year. , is a multiple spawning type.
I. Cultivation of lobster seed Lobster larvae have metamorphosis within 11 days after hatching. The survival rate is 50%. After the benthic life, the survival rate of the rearing group is 70%. The mussels are fed to the 3rd instar and the lobsters are 4th instar. Spawning, 60% of 5 year old females hold eggs.
The copulation behavior of lobsters is generally carried out between freshly clam-shelled females and uncockroached males. The lower body edge of the individual's chest pedicle approaching the shell stage darkens, and the intersegmental membrane at the dorsal junction of the frontal thoracic and abdomen segments swells. According to these appearance characteristics, it is possible to judge that the lobster is about to develop clam shells. At the beginning of the shell, the cephalic fissure at the junction between the carapace and the tail, the head and thorax first emerged from it, followed by a jump in the tail, and the old shell fell off. It took about 27 minutes from the beginning of the shell to the end. If the shell is disturbed, it can be temporarily suspended. Continuing with the successful completion of the oyster shelling process, some or all of the lobsters that are broken off by the appendages and the tail fan can be recovered completely by the pods and the individuals are also growing.
Females who have just shelled their shells are in a state of softness. It takes about several hours to start gaining weight. At this time, males can be put into the tail. The mating time is 15-60 minutes. After the female shells are crusted, the shells gradually harden. Carapace hardening makes copulation difficult.
1. Incubation of larvae: Incubation of larval larvae usually starts in May and June. The egg granules turn from brown to black after fertilization, and the eggs become transparent red before hatching. The opaque ones are dead eggs. An individual's incubation takes 10-20 days, but the incubation period is only a few days. The incubation time starts from the day the sun just sets to the middle of the night. The newly hatched larvae floated in the surface layer and, with the water flow concentrated in the gutters of the outlet, the larvae of the planktonic surface layer were captured in the morning on the second day.
The female lobster ovulates within 20 hours after mating, and spawning takes about 30 minutes at a time. The eggs are tightly attached to the egg bristles and then hatched after 3 weeks. Within 3 days of the unfertilized eggs, they fall off from the female lobster's abdomen. Spawning water temperature is usually about 28 °C better. The temperature is high, the egg is susceptible to deterioration, the incubation time is long when the temperature is low, and there are many deformed eggs. Therefore, the control of the water temperature is very important.
It has been observed that the number of eggs held by broodstock individuals with 72mm and 157mm cephalothorax is 5,240 and 48,850, respectively. If the eggs are not properly cultivated, the dead eggs will increase or the eggs will fall off. When the lobster is conceived, the eggs will be frightened. The body is easy to fall off and the number of hatching is significantly reduced. Individuals weighing about 1.5 kilograms are kept in Japan for 2 months. As a result, the number of hatching tails in the hatchery is 1,678-1,137. The average number should be 7,005.
2. Plankton larvae: The newly hatched lobsters are red larvae, and then turn into transparent, flat fronds. They see only a pair of black eyes in the sea water. If you do not look at it, you cannot see what creatures are there, except for the eyes. In addition to many prominent bristles, the bones are soft and free of calcareous and must be transmuted three times for about six months before they become adult lobsters.
The hatching first stage larvae were reared in water with a water temperature of about 20°C, and were fed with Artemia feed sufficiently. They developed to the second stage larvae within 2 days, and then developed to the third stage larvae after 3 days, and then passed through 4-5. Days develop to stage IV larvae until metamorphosis, that is, the minimum planktonic life period before hatching is 9-10 days.
After 20 days of egg hatching, the seedlings became lighter on day 1 after hatching, and body color became clear and watery on 22 days. With a little pigment, the antennae became longer and pods were covered, and the first pair of tail fans were covered with bristles on the outside. From this point onwards, the first is a rotifer, and food will be full or no food will die. In addition to food, vitamins must also be added to enable larvae to survive for a long time.
3. Plankarian larvae and currents: In general, the outbreak of gas is an extremely effective measure to raise crustacean larvae, but the gas should not be too strong. If violent gas measures are used, bubbles appear between the larvae's head and breastplates. Caused the larvae to die. With the development of lobsters, after the larva sinks into the pool, lobsters are generally difficult to float to the surface of seawater as long as they do not produce a strong current from the bottom. If the violence is too strong, the larvae's body surface and pupa are easily covered by organic matter at the bottom of the pool, affecting larval activity and respiration, causing physical weakness.
4. Plankton of planktonic larvae: Lobster larvae prey animal plankton, Artemia nauplius is a suitable bait for the first stage larvae. After the second period, the amount of food needed is larger. Chlorella cultured in seawater or marine yeast can be fed to Artemia nauplii, which is fed as larval larval bait for 10 to 14 days. Although non-active baits, such as fish and shellfish, can be used, their bait value is poor due to their lack of buoyancy. The results of feeding various feeds are shown in Table 1, and they are fed live brine shrimp and frozen brine shrimp. The survival rate is very different. To achieve a survival rate of 50%, only live brine shrimp can be used as bait.
It is generally believed that lobster larvae do not directly need phytoplankton, but the survival rate of lobster larvae tends to increase in the pool of unicellular green algae. It may be that the propagation of chlorophytes has a good impact on the stability of water quality and therefore cannot be ignored. The effect of unicellular algae, diatoms and zooplankton breeding in the outdoor conditions is the main reason that the survival rate of larvae does not decrease.
5. Post-metamorphic larvae: Stage IV larvae have an adult form and are ecologically transitional from planktonic life to benthic life. About 2 days after metamorphosis, the lobster larvae begin to dig nests adjacent to sediment-laden sand and gravel, and each pebble submerges the tail-tailed individuals. The period of Phase IV is approximately 12 days, and it develops to Phase V. The larvae have only one individual in each lair and do not leave the lair unless they capture the bait in a very short period of time.
The larvae that grow in nature only prey on small animals such as amphipoda and polychaetes. Because lobster larvae have latent habits, they can escape predation by natural enemies. However, this habit is not a physiologically necessary condition. The lobster cannot dig in the bottom of the nest and can be kept in a cage. The fourth stage larvae are stocked in concrete pools with oyster shells at the bottom, and the survival rate is about 80%. Lobster larvae are usually stocked as post-alien larvae as seedlings, but stage IV larvae do not fully enter benthic life, which is the cause of death after stocking.
The lobster generally develops into the fourth larvae 10 to 14 days after hatching. The peak period of the fourth larvae is 11-13 days after hatching. The floating larva of the lobster is a predatory sport bait. It is effective to keep lobsters by laying sediment with rubble.
Second, the development of lobster lobster in nature is mainly inhabiting the muddy seabed, lurking one hole per hole, but in the mating phase, male and female paired lurking, sometimes lurking in the gaps in the rock, while the Japanese lobster is a genus Herd life. Lobster must be baited during the breeding period, and it is necessary to consider whether or not various attached organisms can be used as baits. For this reason, Japan conducted a drooping culture experiment in the sea.
1. Water temperature: Lobsters inhabit low water temperatures, and the minimum water temperature in winter is about 5°C–6°C, which can be suitable for lobster farming. If the water temperature is low, the maturity period will be extended to 5–7 years. The lobster has poor temperature resistance. In the experiment, the water temperature rose to 25°C, and there was no special abnormality for 2 weeks. According to the experiment, the suitable temperature for growth was 20°C-23°C, and the lobster was at a water temperature of 20°C-22°C. The fastest growing, so in the winter when the temperature of the water drops, the use of warm water feeding is one of the ways to promote growth.
2. Salinity: The suitable salt range of lobsters is 26.90 ‰ to 34.40 ‰, and can live and metamorphose in the low salinity 23.50 ‰ seawater.
3. Substrate: Lobster metamorphosed larvae migrate to benthic life in order to escape predation by natural enemies. The sediment of the lobster is extremely important as a place for lurking and feeding. After 3-4 days of metamorphosis, the lobster can burrow in the sand with a particle size of 0.4-1.0mm. After 8 days of metamorphosis, it can lurk in the sand with a particle size of 2.0-3.0 mm.
4. Growth rate: For the lobster group before 1st instar, only the bottom of the oyster shell is used to store the bottom of the pool, and it is not necessary to put artificial nests on the nest to feed the purple mussels as bait. Starting from the 2nd age, the tetrachloroethylene pipe was placed as a shelter for nests, and the number of feeds was twice that of the lobster. In individuals who have been bred for two years, individuals with a maximum weight of about 300 g have an approximately 50% gain in weight per oyster shell. Individual lobsters in the early age of clam shells weigh up to 450 g during sexual maturity. Within the 3rd age group, 16% reached sexual maturity.
The growth of lobster is related to the number of baits, environment, water quality, and clam shells. Various foods were tested and electric stimuli were used to stimulate oyster shells. The result was that the shrimps grew faster with fresh shrimp meat, and grew twice as fast as fish. In general, the pods are more than 2 times in one year and can be wormed 4 times with chemical drugs or electrical stimulation, and the growth rate is increased by 1 time. After lobster oyster shells, after two weeks of new shell hardening, lobsters will become active again. At this time, the food intake will increase greatly, and the amount of feed must be increased by 30% when feeding.
5. Survival rate: based on the stage IV larvae of benthic life, the survival rate of less than 1 year old group is slightly lower than 60%, but the survival rate of 1-3 age groups exceeds 80%, and the survival rate of group rearing reaches 80 % is a good breeding result.
Observing that the lobsters encountering each other in the pool often lift the chelipeds and intimidate each other, but there is no phenomenon that the lobsters die due to the cheating foot to kill the lobsters. Therefore, the lobsters aged 0 to 1 years are considered to be reared in groups, and the individuals are isolated after the second age. The benefits of feeding are higher.
6. Feed: The lobsters after the IV period are exclusively fed with purple mussels, which can promote the rapid maturation and reproduction of the lobsters. The purple mussels can meet the nutritional requirements of the lobsters. The lobster is of mixed food and can be fed with artificial foods of frozen small fish, small shellfish, and shrimp. It feeds once a day, and the feeding time is preferably in the afternoon, and it is stopped for 2 days for 1 day. The daily feeding amount is heavy. 5-12%. Pay attention to the activities of lobsters and the feeding conditions. Clear the pool once a year to prevent contamination. Experiments have shown that feeding trials of Japanese bait shrimps with a combination of bait feeds showed that growth and survival rates of lobsters were better than those fed with clams. For lobster, the optimum protein content in feed is 20-25%. It is expected that a suitable bait for lobster will be developed in the future. In addition, lobster will use a third loquat to prey on granule bait, so lobster size and particle size No direct relationship, generally available small diameter pellet feed.
7. Breeding hybrids: Japan is developing a lobster study on biotechnology. The first generation of hybrids was cultivated in 1980, and the second generation of hybrids was cultivated in 1988. They used American lobsters as males and European lobsters as females. As long as they were put together, they would copulate. This is the same as crayfish. After hatching shrimp eggs, hatching of larvae usually begins in May and June, and the second-generation hybrids develop smoothly. About two weeks after hatching, natural lobsters float on the surface of seawater. According to past research, hybrids are at least twice as large as their relatives. If this technology can be popularized, people can get lobsters of large individuals after several generations. .
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