Winter pruning of peach trees is an important agricultural technology measure in peach management. As the saying goes, "Winter cut tree, summer cut flower." Winter pruning is performed on the basis of summer pruning. Through proper winter pruning, the tree structure is cultivated and maintained, the lighting condition of the tree body is improved, the relationship between growth and results is adjusted, the growth of the young tree is promoted, and the space is utilized rationally. Crown height and crown width to achieve early results, high yield, stable production, high-quality production purposes.
I. The suitable period of winter peach shear
The pruning of peach trees before they are defoliated is called winter shears. In Tongnan County, the most suitable time for Peach Dongping is from New Year's Day to mid-March. Mature peach trees should be cut early, and young trees under 3 years should be cut properly.
Second, open peach tree main tree
Peach tree hi light, suitable for selection of happy tree structure. In production, according to the different planting densities, the two main branches can be selected to be happy and three main branches can be naturally happy. Peach plants planted in row spacings of 1.5m 4m and 2.5m 5m are suitable for the selection of two main branches with a happy shape. Peach plants planted at a spacing of 3m 4m and 4m 5m should be selected in three main branches.
The two main branches have a happy-shape tree: the two main branches extend from the east to the west respectively. Through the opening angle of the branches, the angle of the main branch is 45 to 50 degrees, the waist angle is 60 to 70 degrees, and the tip angle is 45 to 50 degrees. . On the main branch, lateral branches or groups of large, medium, and small branches were established. The first lateral branch is 50-60 cm away from the trunk and laterally stretches. The second lateral branch is on the other side of the first lateral branch and extends laterally and laterally, and is 50-60 cm away from the first lateral branch. Lateral shoots bearing fruiting branches or mini-branches do not grow large and medium-sized shoots. The middle branch or the result branch may be set on the main branch between the first side branch and the second side branch, and the branch branch above the second side branch is generally no longer cultivated the side branch, only the middle and small result branch groups are produced. Or result branches, to simplify pruning and crown control, and to maintain good ventilation and light conditions of the tree body and the control of the resulting parts of the external shift, to prevent the formation of strong and weak weak canopy closure and the main branch under the bald naked.
The two main branches of the happy-shape tree should pay attention to prevent the formation of opposite branches before and after the winter plastic surgery, that is, when the first branch of the former remains on the left, the first branch of the whole tree should be selected on the left. Stay to prevent the formation of lateral branches, resulting in crown closure.
The three main branch happy-shape tree: The angle between the three main branches is 120 degrees each, one main branch extends from one line to the other, and the other two main branches extend obliquely to the line at 45 degrees on the other side, prohibiting the main branch in the line. Stretching to prevent the front and rear of the tree from causing shame during bare shading, which should be paid special attention when young trees are cut and trimmed. The branches should be adjusted and trimmed at the age of 3 years in time to form a good tree structure. To achieve high yield, stable production, high quality and longevity of fruit trees.
The main branches of the three main branches of the free-standing tree had the same culture medium as the main branch of the two main branches. However, it should be noted that the first branch of each main branch should be selected on the same side of the main branch in the same tree. To prevent the formation of opposite lateral branches.
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