Hunan readers called to ask: What are the causes of dead seedlings after the survival of the grape seedlings? According to the survey and analysis, it is mainly due to the emergence of new root systems or new root systems due to management negligence or loss of absorption function. In the short term, new leaves produced by grapes are “false livingâ€, which means that the grapes rely on their own nutrients and water to germinate. If the roots are not produced or the roots are born but the watering is frequent or the clay soil is poorly drained, the grapes cause suffocation. Gradually weakened to death. Of course, if you are shaken due to external forces after being alive, watering is not done in time or only surface water is poured, it will also cause death. The techniques for growing tender seedlings in the solar greenhouse are described below for reference.
Cuttage seedlings is one of the main methods for vegetative propagation of grapes, which has the advantage of preserving the genetic traits of the mother plant, simple operation, high propagation coefficient, low cost, and can maintain the superior characteristics of the original variety.
I. Variety selection
Select new breeds of pure, vigorously growing, virus-resistant, cold-tolerant and high-yield non-toxic seedlings, such as Zaohongti, Meirenzhizhi and Jingxiu.
Second, prepare before plugging in
1. Soil preparation: The grape is a deep-rooted crop. Loose, humus-rich soil should be selected. Before the cutting, the soil surface shall be deep-turned more than 25 cm, and rotted chicken manure shall be applied for 30,000 kg/ha, oil dregs 50 kg/ha, superphosphate 25 kg/ha, mushroom residue, and fine river sand for 200 cubic meters per hectare. After the site preparation, bricks were used to make a 1.8-meter-wide broom, and 5 cm of columbite was placed, with a spacing of 10 cm and a spacing of 5 cm. Vermiculite is the ideal substrate for cutting grapes, which is both water and breathable.
2. Soil disinfection: Disinfect with 0.2%~0.4% potassium permanganate solution, or press the shed film tightly, treat it continuously for 7~10 days, and when it is fine, it can reach 70~80°C, which can kill germs and pests.
3. Equipment installation: Grapes shall be planted in the greenhouse for cutting seedlings. An automatic spray device shall be installed in the nursery greenhouse to cover shading devices such as shade nets.
Third, the cutting method
1. Selection of cuttings, tender cuttings: Cuttings must be selected for cuttings before cuttings, this work is generally carried out in March to April, September to October, to avoid the summer heat. Cut out the growth and development of the full half-woody strong branch, cut into 2 to 3 bud branches, and retain 1 to 2 leaves on the upper 1 to 3 branches for cuttings. With the mining, with cutting, with cuttings. If the blade is too large, the leaves can be cut 1/2 to 1/3. To improve the cutting survival rate, soak it in 2% naphthaleneacetic acid or 1% ABT rooting powder solution for 6~8 seconds, then take out the cuttings immediately to promote rooting. Multiple roots.
2. Shallow cuttings to prevent wilting: The depth of the cuttings should be shallow, usually about 1/3 of the cutting length, 3 to 5 centimeters of planting distance, 80% to 85% relative humidity, and temperature maintained at 20 ~25°C, cover the film tightly, and shading with shade net.
Fourth, management after cutting
1. Temperature and humidity control: After the cuttings are rooted, the temperature in the shed is maintained at 20~25°C and the relative humidity is 80%~85%. Higher humidity can prevent the cuttings and the remaining leaves from withering, which is beneficial to the production of nutrients, promote rooting, and increase the survival rate of cuttings.
2. Illumination control: The length and duration of light exposure have a great influence on the rooting ability of the cuttings. The cuttings are better at accepting scattered light, and strong light is harmful to the survival of cuttings. The temperature is too high and the evaporation is too large, which can lead to withering. Therefore, the early stage of cutting should be shaded in time, and after about 15 days of new roots, the amount of light should be gradually increased.
3. Water spray management: Water spray is the most critical management measure. In the early days, it was necessary to spray water 6 to 7 times a day. The time should be short, so as to spray wet the ground, spray cloudy weather, and not spray on cloudy days. It is necessary to maintain the humidity of the air in the shed, but also to avoid excessive wetness of the rock, otherwise, it will easily lead to mildew in the cutting base.
4. Fertilization management: After rooting, use 0.3% urea or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate as extra-root fertilizer, once every 7 days. At the same time with 70% mancozeb 500 times spray to prevent the breeding of bacteria. Spraying appropriate trace elements will help rapid growth of the cuttings.
Fifth, late management
Remove diseased leaves, rotten leaves, and improve light conditions in time; reduce water spray and promote root growth; find diseases and insect pests such as gray mold, white powder, and mites, and timely prevent and control; cultivate healthy seedlings and increase commodity rates.
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