Spring potato film covering is an effective technique for early-maturing cultivation, allowing farmers to sow earlier and harvest sooner, thereby increasing yield and capturing the morning market. In Shouning County, Fujian Province, this technology has been well-developed and widely adopted. The entire growth cycle typically lasts about 90 days, with an average income of over 1,600 yuan per mu. Below are the main cultivation techniques used in this region.
First, high-quality and early-maturing varieties such as Chunshu No. 4 and Dongnong 303 are selected. These varieties are known for their high yield, good quality, and adaptability to early planting conditions.
Next, seed potatoes are cut and allowed to sprout approximately 15 to 20 days before sowing. Each piece is cut vertically to ensure that it contains both upper and lower parts of the tuber, with 1 to 2 buds per piece. Each piece should weigh between 25 to 30 grams. After cutting, the incisions are coated with ash to prevent rotting. Alternatively, chamfering can be used, where one-third of the tuber is placed above the eye and two-thirds below. The buds are then separated and kept in a cool, ventilated area. After 2 to 3 days, when the cuts have healed, they are warmed and encouraged to sprout until the buds reach a length of 0.3 to 0.5 cm, at which point they are ready for planting.
Sowing should take place at the end of January or early February, provided that the seedlings are protected from frost under the mulch film. A typical planting density is 3,500 acres, with a wide-row direct seeding method of 70 cm x 25 cm, or a 150 cm wide row with four lines (medium spacing of 40 cm and margin spacing of 20 cm x 40 cm). The soil moisture should be maintained at 60% to 70% for optimal growth.
For basal fertilizer application, since top-dressing is difficult during the film-covered period, it's crucial to apply sufficient base fertilizer before sowing. Generally, 1,000 to 1,500 kg of organic manure, 20 to 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 20 to 25 kg of urea are applied per mu. Trenches are dug deep, and after covering the soil, the seed potatoes are planted. It's important not to let the seed potatoes come into direct contact with chemical fertilizers to avoid damage.
There are two common methods for covering the mulch film. One involves using small arch tunnels, which are removed after the plants emerge. On sunny days, ventilation is necessary to prevent seedling burn. The second method uses flat film, laid directly on the ground and secured with soil around the edges. During emergence, on sunny mornings, the film should be carefully pierced to avoid burning the young plants. Once the temperature stabilizes, the seedlings can be gradually moved outside the film, and any cracks should be sealed with soil to suppress weeds.
Field management includes several key steps. First, a foliar spray of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder (40 grams per acre) mixed with 30 kg of water is applied during the early flowering stage to control excessive vegetative growth. Second, after emergence, a solution of 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 500 grams of urea in 60 kg of water is used for foliar feeding to prevent premature aging. Third, buds should be removed promptly after they appear to conserve nutrients. The entire growth period is about 90 days, and harvesting can begin once the leaves start to yellow.
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