Spring potato film covering is a technique used for early maturing cultivation, allowing farmers to sow earlier, harvest sooner, and increase yield. This method also helps bring potatoes to the market earlier, capturing higher prices. In Shouning County, Fujian Province, this technique has been well developed. The entire growth cycle lasts approximately 90 days, and the average income per mu exceeds 1,600 yuan. Below are the key techniques involved in this practice.
First, suitable varieties such as Chunshu No. 4 and Dongnong 303 are selected. These varieties are known for their early maturity, high yield, and excellent quality. Second, seed potatoes are cut and allowed to sprout 15 to 20 days before planting. The cutting is done vertically, ensuring each piece has both upper and lower flesh parts, with one or two buds. Each piece should weigh between 25 to 30 grams. After cutting, the wounds are treated with ash to prevent rotting. Alternatively, chamfering can be used, where the upper part of the tuber around the eye takes up one-third, and the lower part takes two-thirds. Then, the buds are separated and placed in a cool, ventilated area. Non-bud pieces are kept in a cool place for 2 to 3 days until the cuts heal, after which they are warmed to encourage sprouting. When the sprouts reach 0.3 to 0.5 cm, the seeds are ready for planting.
Third, the optimal sowing time is at the end of January or early February, provided that the soil has been cleared of frost under the film. A total of 3,500 acres are planted using either wide-row direct seeding (70 cm x 25 cm) or a four-line layout on 150 cm-wide beds (medium spacing 40 cm, edge spacing 20 cm x 40 cm). The soil moisture should be maintained between 60% and 70%.
Fourth, since it's difficult to apply top dressing during the film covering period, a good base fertilizer must be applied before planting. Typically, 1,000 to 1,500 kg of organic manure, 20 to 25 kg of phosphate fertilizer, and 20 to 25 kg of urea are used per mu. Trenches are dug deeply, and the seeds are planted after covering with soil. It's important not to let the seed potatoes come into direct contact with chemical fertilizers to avoid damage.
Fifth, there are two methods for covering the mulch film. One is using small arch sheds, but once the plants emerge, ventilation is needed during midday on sunny days to prevent seedling burn. The second method involves laying the film directly on the ground and securing it with soil around the edges. During the emergence phase, any cracks caused by sun exposure should be opened in the morning or late afternoon to avoid damaging the young plants. If temperatures are low, the seedlings should remain under the film. Once the weather warms, they can be removed and the gaps sealed with soil to prevent weed growth.
Lastly, field management includes fire prevention, frost protection, and three key steps: (1) Apply 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder (40 grams per acre) mixed with 30 kg of water as a foliar spray during the early flowering stage to control excessive vegetative growth. (2) After emergence, use 100 grams of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 500 grams of urea in 60 kg of water for foliar feeding to prevent premature aging. (3) Remove side shoots promptly after budding to avoid unnecessary nutrient loss. The growth period is about 90 days, and harvesting can begin when some leaves turn yellow.
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