During the hot season, heatstroke prevention and cooling measures become critical for pig health. High temperatures can weaken pigs' immunity, leading to disease outbreaks. Therefore, farmers must implement effective cooling strategies to avoid economic losses caused by heat stress.
First, improving thermal insulation in pig houses is essential. Traditional pig houses are often constructed with clay bricks and earth or asbestos tiles, which offer little insulation. Most rural pig houses are open, making temperature control difficult. Before the summer heat arrives, farmers can cover the roof with thick straw, wheat stalks, or other insulating materials. A pergola can be built over the open area, and vines like loofah, gourds, or grapes can be planted nearby to provide shade. Planting broad-leaved trees around the house also helps improve the microclimate. Additionally, applying fresh lime wash on both the inside and outside walls can reduce solar radiation and aid in disinfection.
Second, enhancing ventilation and airflow is crucial. Pig farms should be located in open, well-ventilated areas, with a minimum height of 3 meters for the buildings. The layout should be staggered to promote cross-ventilation, and the orientation of the pig house should minimize direct sunlight. During hot weather, all ventilation openings—such as windows, skylights, underground vents, and exhaust fans—should be opened. This reduces foul odors and creates a cooler, more comfortable environment. Installing fans or electric fans on the walls can further improve air circulation and enhance cooling effects.
Third, water-based cooling methods can be used when necessary. Spraying mist, water cooling, or dripping systems are common techniques. Since the Jinbao fermentation bed is dry, it’s not affected by moisture. However, if dust becomes an issue during extreme heat, a light misting can help cool the pigs without disrupting their activities. Professional breeders can choose the most suitable method based on their resources but must always monitor the pigs’ health and ensure the fermentation bed remains functional.
Fourth, feeding management plays a key role in heat stress prevention. Reducing stocking density helps pigs dissipate heat more effectively and lowers the overall heat load in the house. Keeping the pig house clean and regularly disinfected is essential to prevent disease outbreaks. Feeding should be avoided during the hottest hours of the day, and pigs should have access to saltwater (0.5%) and plenty of fresh, juicy feed. Providing clean, cool water at all times is also important.
Lastly, heatstroke prevention medications can be added to feed or drinking water. For example, plantain (100g) can be boiled into a decoction and mixed into feed. Mung beans can be cooked into a soft porridge and cooled before feeding. White lentils (20–25g) can be used similarly, while a large amount of watermelon rind (2000g) mixed with 100g of white sugar provides a refreshing drink. Adding 250–500 mL of vinegar or sauerkraut juice to the feed can also help protect against heat stress.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can better manage heat stress in their pigs, ensuring healthier animals and greater economic returns this summer.
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