Hairless spiderweed, a perennial herb belonging to the genus Paeonia lactiflora, is known for its unique appearance and adaptability. The plant typically grows in clusters, with thick, erect stems that stand tall. Its leaves are long and narrow, often linear or lance-shaped. The flowers, which come in shades of violet-blue and yellow, have nearly round petals measuring about 1.4 to 2 cm in diameter. The petals are smooth and hairless, while the seeds are oblong and approximately 3 mm in length. In North and East China, this plant blooms from May to October, opening early in the morning and closing by midday.
Although it is commonly referred to as "hairless spiderweed," the original species was believed to have been introduced from the wilds of Changli, Hebei Province. However, there is no natural distribution of this plant in China today. Instead, it is thought to have originated in North America. Some botanists speculate that it may have been brought into the region by foreign missionaries in the past.
This plant prefers cool and humid environments and is highly cold-resistant. It can survive winter conditions in regions such as Changli, Beijing, Chengdu, Nanjing, and Shenyang. It thrives in full sunlight but tends to become leggy and weak if grown in the shade. It requires well-drained, moist soil that is loose and rich in nutrients. It does not tolerate heavy clay or earthworm-infested soil. It grows best in neutral to slightly alkaline conditions and is relatively resistant to pests and diseases.
For cultivation, spring is the ideal time to plant or transplant hairless spiderweed. Young shoots can be transplanted when new leaves appear, usually between late March and early April. For the growing season, planting can continue from April through November, though earlier planting is recommended for better establishment.
When selecting a planting site, choose gently sloping or elevated areas with good drainage. Avoid low-lying areas unless they are used for other crops like sorghum. The plant needs plenty of sunlight, so it should be placed in sunny locations, avoiding direct, harsh exposure. While it can tolerate some shade, prolonged low-light conditions may lead to reduced flowering and drooping growth, making it unsuitable for under-tree planting.
Water management is crucial during the growing season. Ensuring consistent moisture helps maintain lush foliage. Applying a base fertilizer before planting supports healthy growth. To enhance the plant's appearance and extend the blooming period into autumn, a light application of fertilizer in August and September can encourage the development of new axillary buds.
In terms of landscaping, hairless spiderweed is versatile. As an indoor potted plant, it adds color and beauty to homes, offices, and corridors. In outdoor settings, it is widely adaptable and can be used in garden designs, planted in rows, circular patterns, or other shapes. It pairs well with shrubs, low trees, or other flowering plants. It is commonly used in parks, along roadsides, lakeshores, hillsides, and forests, creating attractive hedges or floral displays.
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