First, the turtle is a variable-temperature animal turtle is a variable-temperature animal, so the response to changes in ambient temperature sensitive. Its food intake, activities, etc. are all affected by the ambient temperature. Because of the limited heat produced by the metabolism of turtles, they lack the control mechanism to retain the body's heat. In order to overcome this defect, turtles rely on cool or hot places to control the fluctuation of body temperature every day. The physical and mental health of the tortoise can only be guaranteed when the temperature of the artificial small environment where the turtle is kept is consistent with its natural habitat. The suitable tropical temperature for tropical turtles is 27-38, temperate turtle 20-35C, and the suitable ambient temperature for semi-water turtles is slightly lower. Some turtles have lethal temperatures outside the upper limit of 5C. When the temperature is low, the turtle is inactive (padding). To achieve the purpose of raising turtles under artificial breeding, the environment temperature of the turtle should be kept from being too high or too low. When the temperature is around 10C, the turtle starts to hibernate. The temperature rises to about 15C and the turtle starts to move. Some turtles can start eating. It is customary to set the turtle's feeding and activity at normal temperatures at 25C. The temperature of about 30C is the best temperature for the turtle to eat, move and grow. Therefore, in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, April-October each year is the period of turtle feeding and activity; November-March 2 is the period of turtle hibernation.
Second, the turtle's classification Turtle species, according to their different living environment can be divided into land turtles, aquatic turtles, semi-aquatic turtles, marine turtles, benthic turtles five types. The external morphological structure of different species of turtles corresponds to their living environments, respectively. For example, aquatic tortoises have rich scorpions (like duck's feet) in their toes and between their fingers to adapt to deep-water life; while terrestrial turtles have thick limbs and limbs. Cylindrical, adapted to crawl in the wetlands and land; sea turtles living in the sea, all have paddle limbs, and all have a pair of salt glands, in order to facilitate the secretion of excess salt in the body. The tortoise can be classified into animal, plant, and omnivorous turtles according to the food's sex. Aquatic turtles generally have omnivorous feeding habits, such as turtles and yellow throat-like turtles; semi-aquatic turtles are mostly animal-like, such as flat-breasted turtles, three-lined shell turtles, golden headed shell turtles; Yellow box turtles are omnivorous. Most of the land turtles are vegetative, such as the Burmese tortoise and the four-claw tortoise. Turtles have a stronger ability to fight hunger and thirst, but they can’t die without eating for years.
Third, the turtles are all oviparous turtle eggs, breeding season is generally in May to October each year (except constant-temperature breeding), the eggs are produced on land, different types of turtles have different numbers of their eggs, freshwater turtles every production 2-5 pieces, eggs white, with a hard shell of calcium. Different types of turtles also have different egg shapes, and they have a long oval shape. Turtle eggs are spherical. The eggs of the turtles are usually in wet and warm places. The eggs are pot-shaped, and they are large and small. The hatching of eggs depends entirely on the light, heat and rain of the natural world. Turtles do not have the habit of watching eggs.
4. Water and Humidity To make semi-water turtles completely submerge, water should be sufficient. Feeding, breeding, and interactions between groups of many turtles are all done in water. The salinity of the water should also be considered for the turtles produced in the harbor. For some turtles, the pH of the water should be adjusted to the same value as the water in the natural habitat. The final metabolites of aquatic and semi-aquatic turtles are urea, which causes a large loss of water in the turtle's body. Turtles produced in a dry environment lose moisture through the skin. The same turtle can also absorb water through the skin. Many turtles drink water directly from the pool or basin. Frequent spraying inside the turtle house helps to allow the turtle to freely choose water intake. The humidity of a turtle house should be similar to that of its natural environment. A low humidity (70%) will cause a large number of bacteria or fungi to proliferate and cause subcutaneous infections.
Fifth, light cycle According to the turtle's natural circadian rhythm and one-year activity requirements, domestic turtles need regular light. Changes in the light cycle and suitable living environment conditions are important environmental factors that enable turtles to breed under family feeding conditions. The range of sunshine changes during the light cycle in the temperate zone is 8 hours in winter and 16 hours in summer. In the tropical zone, the sunshine in the winter light cycle fluctuates approximately 10 hours, and in summer about 14 hours. It has been demonstrated that changes in seasonal light intensity favor the reproduction of turtles under artificial rearing. It is best to use full-spectrum light and use fluorescent tubes with spectral characteristics similar to natural light (including ultraviolet light). Full-spectrum light irradiation can improve turtles' feeding behavior and reproduction. Incandescent lamps can be used as a source of light and heat in turtle houses, but direct contact with bulbs should be avoided to prevent them from being burned. It is also possible to use a conservation lamp to locally warm the turtlehouse, but there must be protective measures. It should be more than 35cm above the floor of the turtle.
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