The main symptom is the ear, only 5-6 or more spikelets invading the panicle. The ovary of the spikelet infected spikelets forms a long rounded hornlike spore heap, which is grayish white and glume is normal. After the teliospore matures, the outer membrane of the spore stack breaks from the top and black powder is scattered. After the black powder was scattered, there was no center column, leaving only 8-10 black filaments, ie, residual vascular tissue.
The pathogen, Sorosporium ehrenbergii Kuhn, is known as the black worm of the Ailun group and is a basidiomycotina fungus. Synonyms S.filiferum Zundel. . The teliospores piled up in the ovary of infected spikelets, and were mostly sporulated by dozens of winter burrows. The spores are slightly curved in a cylindrical shape, 2-3 cm in length, and appear to be horny on the outside of the spikelets of the spikelets. At the beginning of the disease, there is a white, solid white film composed of hyphae outside the spore heap, which has a long time. The late membrane splits from the tip of the horny spore stack, revealing dark brown spore spheres. The winter spores in the ball come together and do not disperse. Spore balls subglobose to oblong or irregular, opaque, size 38-12334-93 (f4m). There is no column in the spore stack, and 8-10 filaments of black filaments remain after the spores fly. The teliospores are polygonal, 9-12 F1m in diameter, and have microscopic thorns on the wall surface. The teliospores have no dormancy period, germinating suitable temperature 28-33°C, lowest 10°C, highest 39°C.
Pathways and Pathogens Germs adhere to the surface of seeds or overwinter in the soil with teliospores. Winter spores can survive in soil for 5 years, and the route of infection is not yet clear. Some people think that the long head smut is a local floral infection, the incidence of the disease after the infection. In addition, there are people who inoculate the sorghum buds with a microspore suspension, and 90% of them are affected. Therefore, it is considered that they are infected by buds. In Xinjiang, sowing is too early, the soil temperature is low or the soil moisture is not good, and the incidence of overburden after sowing is heavy.
Prevention and treatment methods currently lack research on the disease and lack effective methods for prevention and treatment. The production should mainly be solved by breeding resistant varieties.
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