The continuous occurrence of Verticillium wilt, wilt disease and stem rot caused by eggplant continuous cropping is becoming more and more serious, and the effect of chemical control is not obvious. Grafting and root replacement is the best way to prevent these soil-borne diseases. Moreover, after planting eggplant, the stress resistance of plants increased, the growth was vigorous, the quality was improved, and the yield was increased.
1. Rootstocks selected for rootstock grafting include Toruubam, CRP, and Japanese red eggplant. From the perspective of production practices, Toruubam performed best. Torrubam has high resistance to verticillium wilt, wilt disease, bacterial wilt, and root nematode disease. Its roots are well developed and its growth potential is strong. There are fewer stem and leaf spines and it is easy to handle when grafting. However, the seed is extremely small, and the grain weight is about 1 g. It is more difficult to germinate. After the seedlings were unearthed, they grew slowly at the initial stage and accelerated after 3 to 4 leaves.
Second, the rootstock cultivation Torurub soaked with water for 7 to 8 hours, so that the seeds absorb enough water, and then soaked with 100 mg / liter of gibberellin for 24 to 48 hours, after the vote into gauze bags, warming germination, During the daytime, it is 25 to 30°C and 15 to 20°C at night. It is washed once a day with fresh water, and it can sprout 7 to 8 days.
The rootstock is sown in the same way as eggplant. Due to the slower emergence, bed soil should be kept moist and temperature regulation is the same as eggplant seedlings.
Third, the scion seedlings need to be seeded when the rootstock 2 pieces of cotyledons unearthed, with Toluubam as rootstock, scion sowing to be 25 days later.
Fourth, grafting techniques when the rootstock grow to 6 to 7 leaves, stems 4 to 5 mm, has reached half lignification can be grafted. Grafting methods include docking, splicing, and mitering.
1. Connected. After the rootstock and scion are lifted at the same time, they are beveled between the third and fourth blades with a blade. The rootstock is cut downward and the scion is cut upward. The incision is 1 to 1.5 cm deep and 1/2 length of the stem, and the angle is 30 to 40. Leave 2 leaves on the rootstock incision to remove the upper leaves to reduce water transpiration. Then cut the rootstock and scion incisions and fix them with grafting clips.
2. Connected. Rootstock seedling leaves 2 to 3 leaves cut flat, and then in the middle of the incision at the bottom of the vertical 1 cm deep mouth, leaving the scion seedlings to leave 2 to 3 leaves, cut off the lower part, cut into a wedge, the size of the wedge is equivalent to the rootstock incision ( 1 cm long) After cutting, immediately insert into the incision in the stock and align it with a graft clip.
V. Management after Grafting
1. Temperature. After grafting, it is planted in a container and placed in a seedbed. The bed is buckled in a small arch shed. In the first three days, the temperature should be raised to 28 to 30°C, 15 to 17°C in the evening, and 15°C to the ground temperature. In order to ensure the suitable temperature in the early stage of grafting, warming equipment should be provided in the greenhouse under low temperature conditions in winter, and electric heating hotbed nursery should be used when there is no heating equipment. 3 to 7 days after grafting, the temperature decreased by 2 to 3°C with increasing ventilation. After one week, the leaves returned to normal temperature when they recovered.
2. Humidity. Immediately after grafting, each seedling is to be irrigated with water and the seedlings are placed in a small, fully-watered shed with grafting. The relative humidity in the first 3 days is preferably above 90% to 95%. The spray should be sprayed once a day on the morning and afternoon to maintain a high humidity state. It is advisable to cover the film with dew drops. The relative humidity may be slightly reduced in 4 to 6 days, preferably 85% to 90%, and generally only sprayed before and after noon. One week after grafting, it was transferred to normal management.
3. Light. After 3 days of grafting, eggplant is shaded with a shade net, straw curtain, draperies, etc., and sees light on the 4th day sooner or later. It covers only when the light is strong at noon, and then gradually extends the illumination time. After 7-8 days, the shade is removed. Heaven sees light.
4. Ventilation. After 6 to 7 days, the air is not ventilated. After the sealing period is over, select the air in the early morning or late evening when the temperature and air humidity are high. With the healing of the wound, the covering was gradually withdrawn, ventilation was enhanced, and sprayed at 1 or 2 times at noon every day. After 10 to 12 days after grafting, the wound healed and entered normal management. The scions were cut off from the scions and the grafting clips were removed. Grafting seedlings generally reach the colonization standard within 30 to 40 days after grafting.
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