Hawthorn is a small, deciduous tree with a height of 3 to 5 meters. From late February to early April, the first flower is the posterior leaf, and the fruit matures from September to October. When mature, it is usually red, and a few varieties are blue and white. Hawthorn is rich in fertile, loose, organic-rich soil, and sandy loam with a pH of 5.0 to 6.5 grows best. Hawthorn is more shade-tolerant but it also enjoys plenty of sunshine. It can be planted on shady slopes and semi-shade slopes. Sunny slopes can be planted at high altitudes.
Breeding
Select a well-produced mother tree that grows robustly, without pests, and begin harvesting when the seeds are fully mature around September. From the collected fruits, the fruits with large variegated color and full grain were dried for 3 days to 4 days. After being softened, the peeled skin was left to dry and used as a backup.
Hawthorn seeds have deep dormancy characteristics, hard core, containing a transparent mucus resin, impervious to water, impenetrable, affect the seed germination, if the direct seeding is often to the second or even the third year in order to gradually emerge. Therefore, seed germination must be carried out before sowing. Treatment methods include chemical treatment, stratification and accelerating method, human waste urine stacking method, garden fire method.
Choose sandy loam with flat terrain, fertile soil, and well-drained water as a nursery site. Apply enough base fertilizer to deep tillage in the winter. The base fertilizer is preferably manure and ash. Before the spring nursery, shallow cultivating and cultivating flats make beds. Soil remediation is required when preparing beds for nursery sites where earthworms, cockroaches and other underground pests are prone to occur.
Sowing is divided into autumn and spring sowing, and spring sowing is used in production. Spring sowing is usually carried out after soil thawing from February to March, and autumn sowing is usually carried out before the soil freezes from September to November. Drilling method is used, spacing 20cm to 30cm, ditch depth 4cm to 5cm, watering the ditch, sowing, cover soil 2cm to 3cm, cover wet grass.
About 25 days after sowing, the seedlings can emerge. When the seedlings reach 70% of the soil, the seedlings should be removed from the seedlings in 2 to 3 times. During the growth of the seedlings, weeding and weed control and pest control in time. Seedling height above 10 cm can be set between seedlings, 20 cm when appropriate fertilization, seedlings in July after entering the fast-growing period, we must strengthen the management of fertilizer and water. In September, in order to accelerate its lignification, nitrogen fertilizer should be stopped and phosphorus and potash should be added. When the seedlings were as high as 60 cm to 100 cm, they could leave the garden.
Vegetative reproduction
Hawthorn seedlings afforestation, 6-year-old seedlings can be flowering and fruiting, and the use of vegetative propagation seedlings afforestation, you can maintain the excellent characteristics of the mother plant, generally 4 years can be flowering and solid. Common vegetative propagation methods include cuttings, grafting and layering.
The cutting propagation is generally selected from April to May. In the fine type of mother tree, one or two year old branches with strong growth and no pests are selected and cut into 15 to 20 cm long cuttings. The upper cuts are cut into flat cuts and the lower cuts are cut. Obliquely, approximately 4 leaves are retained on the cuttings, and the rest of the leaves and petioles are cut off. The humus and fine sand are mixed in an equal proportion to make the insertion bed, and the groove is opened by 20 centimeters of row spacing on the insertion bed, and the cuttings are inserted at 8 centimeters to 10 centimeters in the groove, and the soil is plugged in while being inserted. Plug and pour water once and cover the agricultural film. In the middle of June, the agricultural film was removed and a shade shed with a light transmittance of 10% was taken. After about 90 days to 100 days, it can take root and survive.
Grafting and breeding of hawthorn are generally carried out by seedling grafting. Other tree species in the same family as Hawthorn, such as the light skin tree, the lampin tree, and the four flowers, can be used as the rootstock. The seedlings used as rootstocks are best for a year or two, and the ground stems are 0.6 cm to 1 cm in diameter. Choose a middle-aged mother tree with a strong tree vigor and no pests and pests. In the middle or upper part of the canopy or in the periphery, collect a full-grown annual branch, cut into 10 cm to 15 cm in length, and close the upper and lower cuts of the scion with paraffin wax. After the wax is sealed, the scion is stored at a low temperature for grafting. The appropriate grafting period is from April to September.
Batten Reproduction Every October in the fall, we choose a tree that grows robustly and is about 10 years old. We will shoot the branches that are sprouting around the rhizosphere or the branches near the ground to the ground. We will injure the xylem when we are ready to take root. Then it was buried in a 15 cm hole, soil compaction, exposing the top of the ground shoots, fixed on the stakes, and strengthen management, to produce a new root and planting with the mother plant.
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