The scientific and rational use of several plant growth regulators can effectively control the growth of fruit trees and vegetables in different periods, improve their quality and yield, and increase economic efficiency.
First, ethephon
1, physical and chemical properties. Pure product is white crystal, soluble in water, ethanol, hardly soluble in benzene and dichloroethane, in acidic solution (pH<3.5=stable, pH above 4.5 will gradually decompose and release ethylene, the decomposition rate will change with pH value. Increased and accelerated.
2, preparations. 40% water agent.
3, the scope of application and use. Ethephon is a low-toxic plant growth regulator. After use, the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of the plant can enter the plant body and release ethylene under the action of the cell fluid. This exogenous ethylene functions as the physiological function of the plant's endogenous hormone, ethylene. Has broken seeds to sleep. It controls the apical dominance, promotes female flower development, promotes fruit ripening and the equivalent energy of organ shedding, and plays a role in shortening crop growth period, dwarfing crops, preventing lodging, accelerating ripening, and improving quality.
Ethephon can use methods such as foliar, fruit, or spraying the whole plant or impregnating the fruit according to different crops and uses. (1) apples, pears ripening, 3-4 weeks before fruit ripening, spraying 40% water agent 800-1000 times liquid. (2) Tomato ripening, spraying 800-1000 mg/kg solution when the fruit has not yet turned red. (3) Cucumber and squash increase female flowers, spray 100-250 mg/kg solution 1-2 times in 3-4 leaves, with interval of 10 days. (4) Persimmon ripening and astringent, after the fruit is harvested, dip with 250-1000 mg/kg solution.
4, attention. Ethephon has strong physiological activity and improper use. Not only does it not work, it may also produce phytotoxicity. Therefore, the use of dose should vary with variety, temperature, fertility and other conditions. In case of drought, insufficient soil fertility, or other reasons the plant growth is short, the use concentration should be appropriately reduced; conversely, if there is more rainfall, adequate fertility, low temperature, and normal maturity, the concentration should be increased.
Second, paclobutrazol
1, physical and chemical properties. The original drug is a white solid, hardly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It is stable to light, acid and alkali.
2, preparations. 25% EC, 15% WP.
3, the scope of application and use. Paclobutrazol is an inhibitor of endogenous gibberellin synthesis, which has the effects of controlling crop growth, shortening internodes, reducing lodging, promoting tillering, controlling shoot tip and ensuring fruit yield, and increasing yield. Applicable to wheat, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, rapeseed and other crops. (1) Fruit trees control the shoots. Spraying 400-800 mg/kg liquid within one week after the peach fruit has been cut into half, there is a significant dwarfing and shoot control effect. For apple trees, open a ring-shaped groove under the canopy, with a groove width of 30 cm and a depth of 20 cm. With the principle of rooting without damaging the root, apply 1-1.5 g of active ingredient per square meter of canopy and spread it into the ditch. Cover soil, apply water before application or after application, and keep the soil moist. For grapes, the use of 2-3 grams of active ingredient in each grown-up tree, application of annular furrows, or spraying with 1500 mg/kg liquid can inhibit shoot growth and increase yield. (2) For greenhouse vegetables, there is a clear strong seedling effect. For ornamental plants, the plant type can be adjusted for more ornamental value, using a concentration of 100-300 mg/kg.
Gibberellin
1, physical and chemical properties. Industrial products are white crystalline powder, insoluble in water, benzene, nitrogen, etc., soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, and phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.2. In the dry state, it is not easy to decompose, and when its aqueous solution is above 5°C, it is easily damaged and fails. In case of alkaline decomposition.
2, preparations. 85% of the original powder, 4% of EC.
3, the scope of application and use. Gibberellin is a highly efficient growth stimulant and is an exogenous gibberellin. It enters the plant body through seeds, leaves, tender plants, flowers and fruits, and plays the same physiological role as endogenous gibberellin. Can promote plant cell growth, accelerate growth and development, early maturation, increase production; break the dormancy of seeds, promote germination; change the rate of male and female flowers, affect flowering time, reduce flowering and fruit drop, is an additive antagonist of paclobutrazol, chlormequat and other growth inhibitors. Apply to food, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables and other crops. (1) Grapes, 7-10 days after blooming, when the young fruit begins to grow, the ear is sprayed, and the seedless purple grape is sprayed with 200 mg/kg liquid; Kyoho and Rosehips are sprayed with 200-400 mg/kg liquid, which can improve fruit set. Rate, increase the fruit, increase production significantly. Do not use before flowering or flowering. (2) Watermelon, 2 leaf 1 heart period, spraying 5 mg/kg liquid 1-2 times, can induce female flowers. (3) Cucumber can be induced by spraying 50-100 mg/kg liquid at 1 leaf stage 1-2 times. (4) Sweet potato, 20 milligrams per kilogram of liquid medicine was used to dip root parts of the yams for 10 minutes and immediately planted to increase yield. (5) potatoes, with 0.5-1 mg / kg liquid medicine tube submergence for 10 minutes, remove and air dry sowing, the spring sowing potatoes can make the emergence of early and homogeneous, sowing potatoes in summer can promote dormant bud germination. If the soaking time is too long or the concentration is too high, it will have an inhibitory effect. (6) Strawberry, 2 weeks before the flower bud differentiation, spraying 20-50 mg/kg liquid twice, each time interval of 5 days, can make pedicel elongation, early flowering.
4, attention. The gibberellin is hardly soluble in water and should be dissolved with a small amount of alcohol before use, and then diluted with water to the desired concentration. When gibberellin is used to promote fruit set growth, water and fertilizer must keep up in order to exert its production increase.
IV. Anti-dropping agents
1, physical and chemical properties. The original powder is a slightly pungent acid white crystal that dissolves in water and most organic solvents.
2, preparations. Original powder, 10% EC.
3, the scope of application and use. Rhodophyllin is a plant growth regulator. It can effectively inhibit the production of abscisic acid in crops, resulting in less separation between fruit stalks, preventing flowering and falling fruit, increasing fruit setting rate, promoting young fruit development and early maturation, and suitable for fruits and vegetables. (1) fruit trees, apple trees in the flowering period, young fruit growth period, fruit drop period and 1 month before harvest, each spray 25-35 mg / kg liquid. Spraying 30 mg/kg of grapes during flowering can increase fruit set. (2) Tomatoes and eggplants are sprayed with 25-3O mg/kg liquid at the flowering stage and sprayed on flowers to avoid spraying on young leaves. (3) During the flowering period, the peppers sprayed 20 mg/kg of the liquid on the flowers to protect the fruit.
First, ethephon
1, physical and chemical properties. Pure product is white crystal, soluble in water, ethanol, hardly soluble in benzene and dichloroethane, in acidic solution (pH<3.5=stable, pH above 4.5 will gradually decompose and release ethylene, the decomposition rate will change with pH value. Increased and accelerated.
2, preparations. 40% water agent.
3, the scope of application and use. Ethephon is a low-toxic plant growth regulator. After use, the stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits of the plant can enter the plant body and release ethylene under the action of the cell fluid. This exogenous ethylene functions as the physiological function of the plant's endogenous hormone, ethylene. Has broken seeds to sleep. It controls the apical dominance, promotes female flower development, promotes fruit ripening and the equivalent energy of organ shedding, and plays a role in shortening crop growth period, dwarfing crops, preventing lodging, accelerating ripening, and improving quality.
Ethephon can use methods such as foliar, fruit, or spraying the whole plant or impregnating the fruit according to different crops and uses. (1) apples, pears ripening, 3-4 weeks before fruit ripening, spraying 40% water agent 800-1000 times liquid. (2) Tomato ripening, spraying 800-1000 mg/kg solution when the fruit has not yet turned red. (3) Cucumber and squash increase female flowers, spray 100-250 mg/kg solution 1-2 times in 3-4 leaves, with interval of 10 days. (4) Persimmon ripening and astringent, after the fruit is harvested, dip with 250-1000 mg/kg solution.
4, attention. Ethephon has strong physiological activity and improper use. Not only does it not work, it may also produce phytotoxicity. Therefore, the use of dose should vary with variety, temperature, fertility and other conditions. In case of drought, insufficient soil fertility, or other reasons the plant growth is short, the use concentration should be appropriately reduced; conversely, if there is more rainfall, adequate fertility, low temperature, and normal maturity, the concentration should be increased.
Second, paclobutrazol
1, physical and chemical properties. The original drug is a white solid, hardly soluble in water and soluble in organic solvents. It is stable to light, acid and alkali.
2, preparations. 25% EC, 15% WP.
3, the scope of application and use. Paclobutrazol is an inhibitor of endogenous gibberellin synthesis, which has the effects of controlling crop growth, shortening internodes, reducing lodging, promoting tillering, controlling shoot tip and ensuring fruit yield, and increasing yield. Applicable to wheat, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables, rapeseed and other crops. (1) Fruit trees control the shoots. Spraying 400-800 mg/kg liquid within one week after the peach fruit has been cut into half, there is a significant dwarfing and shoot control effect. For apple trees, open a ring-shaped groove under the canopy, with a groove width of 30 cm and a depth of 20 cm. With the principle of rooting without damaging the root, apply 1-1.5 g of active ingredient per square meter of canopy and spread it into the ditch. Cover soil, apply water before application or after application, and keep the soil moist. For grapes, the use of 2-3 grams of active ingredient in each grown-up tree, application of annular furrows, or spraying with 1500 mg/kg liquid can inhibit shoot growth and increase yield. (2) For greenhouse vegetables, there is a clear strong seedling effect. For ornamental plants, the plant type can be adjusted for more ornamental value, using a concentration of 100-300 mg/kg.
Gibberellin
1, physical and chemical properties. Industrial products are white crystalline powder, insoluble in water, benzene, nitrogen, etc., soluble in methanol, ethanol, acetone, and phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.2. In the dry state, it is not easy to decompose, and when its aqueous solution is above 5°C, it is easily damaged and fails. In case of alkaline decomposition.
2, preparations. 85% of the original powder, 4% of EC.
3, the scope of application and use. Gibberellin is a highly efficient growth stimulant and is an exogenous gibberellin. It enters the plant body through seeds, leaves, tender plants, flowers and fruits, and plays the same physiological role as endogenous gibberellin. Can promote plant cell growth, accelerate growth and development, early maturation, increase production; break the dormancy of seeds, promote germination; change the rate of male and female flowers, affect flowering time, reduce flowering and fruit drop, is an additive antagonist of paclobutrazol, chlormequat and other growth inhibitors. Apply to food, cotton, fruit trees, vegetables and other crops. (1) Grapes, 7-10 days after blooming, when the young fruit begins to grow, the ear is sprayed, and the seedless purple grape is sprayed with 200 mg/kg liquid; Kyoho and Rosehips are sprayed with 200-400 mg/kg liquid, which can improve fruit set. Rate, increase the fruit, increase production significantly. Do not use before flowering or flowering. (2) Watermelon, 2 leaf 1 heart period, spraying 5 mg/kg liquid 1-2 times, can induce female flowers. (3) Cucumber can be induced by spraying 50-100 mg/kg liquid at 1 leaf stage 1-2 times. (4) Sweet potato, 20 milligrams per kilogram of liquid medicine was used to dip root parts of the yams for 10 minutes and immediately planted to increase yield. (5) potatoes, with 0.5-1 mg / kg liquid medicine tube submergence for 10 minutes, remove and air dry sowing, the spring sowing potatoes can make the emergence of early and homogeneous, sowing potatoes in summer can promote dormant bud germination. If the soaking time is too long or the concentration is too high, it will have an inhibitory effect. (6) Strawberry, 2 weeks before the flower bud differentiation, spraying 20-50 mg/kg liquid twice, each time interval of 5 days, can make pedicel elongation, early flowering.
4, attention. The gibberellin is hardly soluble in water and should be dissolved with a small amount of alcohol before use, and then diluted with water to the desired concentration. When gibberellin is used to promote fruit set growth, water and fertilizer must keep up in order to exert its production increase.
IV. Anti-dropping agents
1, physical and chemical properties. The original powder is a slightly pungent acid white crystal that dissolves in water and most organic solvents.
2, preparations. Original powder, 10% EC.
3, the scope of application and use. Rhodophyllin is a plant growth regulator. It can effectively inhibit the production of abscisic acid in crops, resulting in less separation between fruit stalks, preventing flowering and falling fruit, increasing fruit setting rate, promoting young fruit development and early maturation, and suitable for fruits and vegetables. (1) fruit trees, apple trees in the flowering period, young fruit growth period, fruit drop period and 1 month before harvest, each spray 25-35 mg / kg liquid. Spraying 30 mg/kg of grapes during flowering can increase fruit set. (2) Tomatoes and eggplants are sprayed with 25-3O mg/kg liquid at the flowering stage and sprayed on flowers to avoid spraying on young leaves. (3) During the flowering period, the peppers sprayed 20 mg/kg of the liquid on the flowers to protect the fruit.
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