Calcium is an important mineral element that ensures the stable and high yield of laying hens. If the calcium intake of laying hens is insufficient, the chickens are susceptible to osteomalacia. A certain number of soft-shelled eggs and thin-shelled eggs are often present. This is particularly prominent at the peak of egg production, and the eggshell quality and laying rate are reduced. When the content of calcium in the diet exceeds 4%, urate is likely to accumulate in the body, which seriously affects its production performance. Therefore, it is an important measure to stably improve the production performance and benefit of laying hens.
1 calcium supplement method
1.1 Choosing the right kind of calcium During the laying of eggs, calcium in the diet should be supplied in the form of shells or coarse-grained limestone, because the granular calcium leaves the stomach and stomach at a slower rate, strengthening the shell strength of the eggshell at night. good results. Eggshell powder is preferred, followed by shell powder and bone meal. The eggshell powder has a uniform and moderate particle size, and has a suitable calcium-phosphorus ratio, which is suitable for the chicken's diet and is conducive to the digestion and absorption of calcium. In comparison with them, shell powder, bone meal, etc. have uneven particle sizes, and the calcium and phosphorus ratios are different from those required for egg production. Therefore, the effects are second only. Stone powder is limestone powder, natural calcium carbonate. Generally containing about 38% pure calcium, is the cheapest calcium mineral feed supplement, and other relatively pure commodity calcium carbonate, chalk and old lime also have the same role as stone powder.
1.2 Pre-supply calcium can not wait until after the start of production even into the peak of the production of calcium supplementation, because the chicken digestive changes in the structure of the feed must have a process (adaptation period). In order for the chicken to be able to use the calcium supplementation effectively after laying, it should be fed calcium supplemented feed 2 weeks before the start of production. After 2 weeks of adaptive feeding, it can fully satisfy the laying chicken after the start of production. Required for calcium.
1.3 Calcium supplementation period According to the physiological characteristics of laying hens, chickens do not need calcium during the 8-10 hours after laying, but only when they form eggshells at night need calcium. Because of the limited ability of the chicken to store calcium, excess calcium is quickly excreted. Most of the calcium absorbed by the chicken in the morning is stored in the bones, and the calcium absorbed in the afternoon or evening is directly used for the formation of the eggshell on the day. Therefore, calcium supplementation time should be selected before eggshell formation, and it is generally better to feed chickens with high calcium diet at 2-4 pm. And at 2-4 pm, it is the peak period of feeding that the chicken has a strong appetite and eats much more.
1.4 The amount of calcium supplemented calcium can be determined according to the ratio of soft shell and thin shell eggs produced by the chicken. Soft shells and shell eggs generally disappear, and chickens do not want to eat calcium. If the surface of the eggshell is not smooth, with scattered protruding calcium spots, indicating too much calcium. Normally, about 0.5 kg will be replenished per 100 chickens at a time, and the calcium content in the hens' broiler diets will be 3.0%-3.5%.
1.5 The proportion of calcium and phosphorus should be reasonable. The absorption of calcium by chickens depends on the absorption of a certain percentage of phosphorus. At the same time, calcium should be supplemented with appropriate proportion of phosphorus. It is generally required that the appropriate ratio of calcium to phosphorus in the layer diet is 5.5-6.0:1.
1.6 Add Vitamins Supplement calcium in the same time to supplement vitamin D preparations, such as cod liver oil, vitamin D powder and so on. Vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium in the small intestine, and can promote the normal calcification of bone marrow, which is conducive to the improvement of eggshell quality and egg production rate. Vitamin C can increase thyroid activity and promote calcium metabolism in the body, thereby improving the composition of the eggshell, increasing eggshell hardness and egg production. The amount of vitamin C in the diet should be 50 mg per kilogram of feed.
2 Precautions
2.1 Select high-quality full-price feed The layered feeds for laying hens are generally combined with calcium components, but some low-reputation feed manufacturers seek high profits to reduce costs, adding a large amount of stone powder in the feed, making the calcium content far exceeds 4 %. Therefore, when purchasing, attention should be paid to identification, and good quality full-price batch materials produced by reputable regular manufacturers should be selected.
2.2 Do not use bone powder to supplement calcium and bone meal. It refers to the inferior bone powder produced under the conditions of the equipment. It is a simple flush of the bone and then cooked in a cauldron. It is not pressed or degummed, and then it is removed and dried and crushed. This bone powder was black or dark gray with odor, 23.0% calcium, 10.5% phosphorus, 21.0% crude protein, and 5.0% crude fat. If long-term feeding of layered chickens with bone meal, because it is not high temperature and pressure treatment, bone calcium and bone glue together, the body's absorption and utilization of calcium is low. Over time, the proportion of calcium and phosphorus in the chicken is likely to be unbalanced, resulting in a decrease in laying ability and egg quality of laying hens and economic losses to chicken production.
2.3 Can not feed sheep bone powder In places where there are more sheep, people often process goat bone into sheep bone powder and add it to livestock and poultry feed to replace other bone meal. This is okay for most livestock and poultry, and it works well, but it is not enough for laying hens. Because the egg shell is formed in the chicken body, the temperature should not be too high. The sheep bone powder is hot. When taken up by laying hens and involved in egg shell formation, the temperature in the chicken will increase. This will not only affect the formation of egg shells, but will also reduce the egg production rate. Therefore, layers cannot feed sheep bone powder.
2.4 Do not feed calcium with spinach. Spinach contains a large amount of oxalic acid. When used together with calcium, calcium oxalate is insoluble in water, which prevents the body from absorbing calcium. When feeding spinach, it is necessary to stagger time with calcium supplementation, and it is not possible to continuously feed in large quantities. The chopped spinach is chopped before it is fed, and it is scalded with boiling water or soaked in cold water for a period of time so that most of the oxalic acid can be destroyed or removed.
2.5 Avoiding Stress Factors Stimulating various stress factors can affect the absorption and utilization of calcium in chickens. During the rearing process, stress factors should be minimized to stimulate the birds so that the birds can maintain appropriate density and ventilation, avoiding glare, high temperature, and noise. Other stimuli.
2.6 do not add trace elements to increase the hardness of the eggshell, you can add manganese, zinc, magnesium and other elements in the feed. It should be noted that the amount of manganese added is not easy to be excessive, and the manganese supplemented feed must be mixed evenly so as not to cause the destruction of vitamin D and affect the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. It is generally believed that adding 55-75 mg/kg of manganese to feed can significantly improve egg shell quality. If calcium supplements contain more other mineral elements, it is likely to have an antagonistic effect with calcium and affect calcium absorption in the body.
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