1, the production of fermentation beds
1.1 bed depth. Most farms (households) have a 30 to 90 cm depth of fermentation bed. Practice has proved that the depth of the fermentation bed should be 80-100 cm. Too deep, the production cost is high, and the material overturning is more arduous; it is too shallow, the fermentation is not complete, and the service life is short. Recommended: Large pigs are 80 cm deep. Nursery pigs 60 cm more economical and practical.
1.2 Consider the groundwater level. In the south of the Yangtze River, especially in the plain area, the groundwater level is relatively high. The problem of groundwater level should be considered in the production of the fermentation bed. Otherwise, the year-round accumulation of water in the fermentation bed will cause the humidity of the litter to be too large, which will seriously affect the fermentation effect of the litter and future discharge. The difficulty. It is suggested that for pits with low groundwater levels, litter pits should be underground for easy management; for pits with high groundwater levels, the pit of the fermentation bed can be built on the ground or on half of the ground and half below, which can reduce the humidity of litter. Enhances the fermentation effect of litter.
1.3 Feeding platform width. As we all know, pigs lack sweat glands, and the hot days together with the temperature produced by fermented mattress materials, especially large pigs are particularly afraid of heat, affecting growth. Therefore, the width of the nursery's platform should be 1.20-1.50 meters, and the platform width of the finishing pighouse should be 1.08-2.00 meters (it can guarantee that the pigs in the pen rest on the platform).
1.4 The size of the fermentation bed enclosure. Generally speaking, nursery pigs have the best area of ​​10 square meters, that is, a nest of one column; bred pighouses can be calculated from 1.20 to 1.50 square meters per head (including platform area) and can be 20-30 heads. Herd feeding.
1.5 Drinking fountain location and installation. Pigs are inseparable from water and even more so in summer. Automatic drinking fountains should be set according to the size of the barn and the stocking density. The drinking fountain should be set on the corresponding wall of the walkway. The wall is cut into a hole of 2025 cm. The cement on the bottom of the hole is flattened outwards. It is convenient for pigs to drink water and flow outside the bar to keep the bedding dry. Drinking fountains are highly conserved and the pighouse is 30 cm away from the litter and 45 cm into a pig house. In short, it is convenient for pigs to drink water.
1.6 The amount of spent bacteria sticks. The amount of general waste sticks accounted for 60% to 70% of the total amount, glutinous rice, wood chips 30% to 40%. If glutinous rice husks and wood chips are too little, the pads are too thin and the fermentation effect is poor.
1.7 The moisture content of the litter. Due to the low moisture content of waste mushroom sticks, glutinous rice, and sawdust, it is necessary to have a certain humidity in order to make the litter fermentation effect good, especially in winter, the waste bacteria holding water content is low, the fermentation effect is poor, and the heat-producing fermentation is not achieved. effect. Generally, the humidity of the litter is controlled between 65% and 70%.
2, management issues
The use of waste bacteria as a litter of fermentation bed pigs, poor management of the impact of the breeding effect, must pay attention to the following issues:
2.1 Stocking density. The density of the fermentation bed culture is too large, which affects the fermentation of the litter and the long speed of the pig, the density is too small, the site utilization is low, and resources are wasted. According to the size and season of the pig body, the breeding density should be properly adjusted to improve the breeding efficiency. Generally, the density of nursery pigs can be large, and the most suitable one is a nest. The density of bred pigs should be low, and the age and weight can be matched. In summer, the density is low, and the density in winter can be large.
2.2 column humidity. The humidity of the fermentation bed directly affects the fermentation effect of the litter. Humidity is greater than 80%, the column is too humid, affecting the fermentation effect, especially in winter, the internal temperature is easy to reduce, is not conducive to pig growth, humidity is too small, but also affect the fermentation of litter, easy to produce dust flying. Normally, the humidity of litter should be controlled at 55%-65%.
2.3 Always feed and add sawdust. Because pigs have a habit of pulling and pulling urine in a fixed place, litter should be frequently turned to distribute the pig manure evenly so that the fermentation bacterium can have sufficient nutrients for decomposition and fermentation to keep the pen house clean. Usually turn 3-5 days. As the litter ferments and breaks down and the herd moves, the gap between the waste bacteria is reduced and the entire litter sinks. When the litter is found to have fallen by more than 20 centimeters from the original, the litter should be added to the original level.
2.4 Regular cleaning. Since the litter exhibits a crisp texture after fermentation, the movement of the herd can easily cause the litter to be contaminated with the fermentation bed platform, and even splashes into the trough. The breeder should clean the platform once a day to keep the platform clean.
2.5 Diseased pigs were found to be removed in time. The pig bed has a low incidence of pigs, and it is not recommended to directly disinfect the fermentation bed. Once a sick pig is found, it should be removed in time to prevent it from affecting healthy pigs.
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