Laying hens start from 21 weeks of age to 72 weeks of age and are 1 laying period. Generally, the laying period is divided into pre-laying period, peak laying period and late laying period. During the laying period, the egg production rate and egg weight change show regularity.
After the chickens were put into production, the egg production rate increased rapidly during the first 6 weeks and then fell steadily until the end of the laying season. The egg production rate of laying hens per week is marked on the drawing, and multiple points are connected to obtain the laying curve of the flock. The egg production level of the first laying year of the flock shows a low-high-low egg production curve as the age increases.
Pre-laying refers to the period from the start of egg production to the peak of egg production (21-26 weeks old). The rate of egg production rose rapidly during this period, rising at a rate of 12% to 20% per week. At the same time, the weight and weight of the chicken also increased. Body weight increased by 4-5 grams per day and egg weight increased by about 1 gram per week.
The laying rate at the peak of egg production is usually above 85%, and the egg production rate at 28 weeks of age is usually above 90%. Under normal circumstances, the peak period of egg production can be maintained for 3-4 months. During this time, the weight of eggs did not change much and the body weight increased slightly.
The egg production rate at the end of laying period gradually decreased, and it decreased by about 0.5% per week. The egg weight was relatively large and the body weight increased. Until 72 weeks of age, the egg production rate dropped to 65%-70%.
According to the laying rules of laying hens, we must understand that if we want to increase the annual egg production, we must work hard to promote the early occurrence of peak production, try to extend the peak duration of egg production, and slow down the rate of decline in egg production. According to the characteristics of each period, adequate nutrition is provided, and methods such as feeding, adjusting feeding, and restricting feeding are implemented so as to make them more in line with actual production, so as to ensure the health and high yield of the flock.
(I) Feeding at the stage
During the stage of feeding, the laying period is divided into several stages according to the egg production rate and age of the flock, and the different stages are fed with diets with different nutritional levels, which not only meets the nutritional needs of the flock but also does not waste feed. Kill two birds with one stone.
Three-stage feeding is generally adopted in production. The first stage of production is 40 weeks old (the egg production rate is over 80%), the second stage is 40-60 weeks old (the egg production rate is 70%-80%), and the second stage is after the 60th week of age (the egg production rate is less than 70% ) is the third stage.
With the stage feeding method, the protein levels in the diet decreased by 1, 2, and 3 stages in turn, which were 17%, 16.5%, and 15%, respectively. In the second phase, the energy concentration of the feed can be appropriately reduced without controlling the feed intake. In the third phase, the feed concentration of the feed is reduced while the birds are restricted to feed so as not to affect the production of the chicken.
During the phase feeding method, the protein and other nutrients in the diet were high and low first, which was in line with the rules of chicken egg production curve and the standards of Chinese laying hens. The three-stage feeding method and the standard for laying chickens in China will coincide with the three stages in which laying hens are divided into different egg production levels. With the three-stage breeding method, the egg production peak appears early, rises quickly, the peak period lasts long, and the egg production is large.
(b) Adjusting feeding
According to changes in environmental conditions and conditions of the flock, feeding is adjusted in time to adjust the content of various nutrients in the feed formulation so that the flock can better adapt to the needs of physiology and production. Adjusting feeding is more in line with the actual needs of laying hens. It is an effective measure to ensure that chickens have full genetic potential, healthy and high yields, reduced costs, and increased economic efficiency.
1 adjust the feeding curve according to laying
It is to adjust the protein and other nutrient levels in the layer diet according to the egg laying rules. Adjustment should pay attention to such a principle: the peak should be "promoted", feed nutrition first; the next peak should be "guarantee" feed nutrient after the drop. The specific adjustment method is: During the peak period of chicken egg production, when the egg production rate has not risen to the peak, it needs to be replaced in advance as the peak feed to promote the rapid increase in egg production rate; in the egg production rate decline period is The rate of decline in the rate of slow egg production should be changed to the late stage of egg production after the egg production rate has decreased by 1 week.
2 Adjust the feeding according to seasonal temperature changes
Seasonal and ambient temperatures have a greater impact on the chicken's feed intake and egg production. When the temperature of the environment is low in winter, the feed intake of chickens increases, and the intake of nutrients increases. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the energy level in the feed, and suppress the intake, while reducing the concentration of other nutrients; in the summer when the ambient temperature is high, chickens Feed intake decreased, and nutrient intake decreased. At this time, feed energy content needs to be reduced to promote food intake and increase the concentration of other nutrients.
3 According to the condition of the flock
When some management measures are taken to the flock or if abnormalities occur in the flocks, adjustments should be made. For example, if you add 5 mg of vitamin K to your diet daily 3 days before and after your birth, you can reduce the bleeding caused by a broken diet. After vaccination, you can increase the dietary protein content by 1%, which can reduce stress; When the flock of chickens appears filthy feathers, licking and other anal fistula, you can increase the content of crude fiber in the feed while taking other measures, which can reduce the occurrence of sputum; when the flock is infected, the protein content can be increased by 1% - 2%, multi-vitamin content increased 0.02%, etc., this can enhance the chicken's constitution, is conducive to the recovery of the disease.
When adjusting the feeding method, it should be based on feeding standards to maintain the relative stability of feed formula, fine-tune as much as possible, not to increase or decrease, and pay attention to observe the adjustment effect, if it is found that abnormalities should be found in time to take measures, or restore adjustment Before feeding.
(c) Restricted rearing
Restricted rearing is based on the laying rules of laying hens, which reduces the amount of feed after peak egg production and does not affect the laying performance of chickens. The specific approach is: In the 2 weeks after the egg production peak, the daily feeding amount per 100 chickens is reduced by 230 grams for 3-4 consecutive days. If the flock does not reduce the egg production beyond the normal range due to feed reduction, keep this amount for several days before trying a similar reduction. If abnormal drop in egg production is found, the feed amount should be immediately restored to the previous level. Under normal circumstances, the amount of feed restricted by laying hens cannot exceed 8%-9%. The limited feeding of laying hens follows the laying rules of the laying hens, which not only prevents the laying hens from over-fertilizing, but also improves the survival rate, reduces the feed costs, and increases the economic benefits.
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