Balanced fertilization must master the principles of set production with soil, production of nitrogen, deficiency due to deficiency, organic-inorganic combination, and balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. On the basis of soil testing, according to soil characteristics, climate characteristics, cultivation habits, production levels and other conditions, determine the target yield, put forward the most suitable amount of nitrogen fertilizer and the best ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. Every 100 kg of rice needs to absorb 2.0-2.4 kg of nitrogen, 0.9-1.4 kg of phosphorus pentoxide, 2.5-3.8 kg of potassium oxide, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is about 1:0.5:1.3. The following is the operating procedure for 400-500 kg of rice per mu:
1. Organic fertilizer dosage: The organic fertilizer dosage accounts for about 50% of the total fertilizer, so it is necessary to reuse organic fertilizer. Early rice applies 1500-2500 kilograms of fresh green manure or 1,000-1,500 kilograms of manure or 60-80 kilograms of commodity organic fertilizer per acre. Late rice also returns 200-250 kilograms of dry straw or 1,000-1,500 kilograms of manure or 80-100 kilograms of organic fertilizer. .
2. The ratio of NPK: The rice yield is 400-500 kilograms per mu, requiring a total of 10-12 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 4.5-5.5 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide, 13-16 kilograms of potassium oxide, and the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium is 1:0.4:1.3.
3. Selection of fertilizer types: selection of high-quality and high-efficiency urea, ammonium bicarbonate, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, or superphosphate; potassium sulfate or potassium chloride and other simple fertilizers or rice-specific fertilizers, compound fertilizers, etc.
4, application period:
1) Base fertilizer: organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are all used as base fertilizer, and organic fertilizer is applied before plowing. When Putian applies per acre, 35-40 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 15-20 kg of ammonium bicarbonate, 8-10 kg of potassium sulfate or 6-8 kg of potassium chloride.
2) Dressing: Top dressing should be divided into two applications. The first application of fertilizer should be applied about 7 days after transplanting. Urea urea 7.5-9 kg, potassium sulfate 6-7.5 kg or potassium chloride 5-6 kg; The top dressing was applied about 15 days after transplanting, with 8-10 kg of urea per mu, 10-12 kg of potassium sulfate or 8-10 kg of potassium chloride.
3) Panicle fertilizer: The period of young panicle differentiation (about 25 days after early rice transplanting and 50 days after late rice transplanting). If the leaf color turns yellow, apply urea 2-2.5 kg and potassium chloride 3-4 kg per mu.
4) Spray foliar fertilizer: spraying potassium dihydrogen phosphate or rice leaf foliar at the booting stage and mature stage.
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