First, temperature
In the long-term phylogeny, corn has formed the characteristics of thermophilic and good light. The whole growth process requires higher temperature and stronger light conditions. Among them, temperature is a decisive factor affecting the length of the maize growth period.
The seeds germinate at 6-8°C, but the germination rate is slower and they germinate faster at 10-12°C. The production usually uses 5-10cm soil surface temperature stabilized at 10-12°C as real-time early sowing temperature. index. The general plant grows to 6-8 cm in diameter, and the jointing begins when the temperature reaches 18 degrees. At higher temperatures, the stem segments rapidly elongate.
When tasselling and flowering, the daily average temperature is the most suitable for 24-26°C; when the temperature is higher than 32°C and the relative humidity of the air is lower than 30%, the pollen will be lost. The water is dry and the filaments are withered, resulting in poor pollination and a loss of grain yield. The temperature is lower than 20 °C, anther cracking is not normal, affect the normal loose powder.
During grain formation and grain filling, the daily average temperature is 22–24°C. If the temperature is lower than 16°C or higher than 25°C, the activity of the enzyme is affected, photosynthetic product accumulation and transportation are hindered, and the grain filling is poor; if the temperature is high When the heat is applied, the grain weight is obviously decreased and the production is reduced seriously. Planting corn everywhere should be based on the local climatic conditions.
Second, light
Corn is a high-efficiency C4 crop with sufficient light conditions and low yield. In the case of atypical short-day crops of maize, 8 to 12 hours of daily sunlight conditions, plant growth is accelerated, and tasseling and flowering can be promoted earlier, but flowering and fruiting can also be achieved under longer sunshine (18 hours). The demand for light from corn is higher, with a saturation point of 50,000 to 90,000 lux and a compensation point of about 150 lux. The light is sufficient to facilitate high yields.
Third, moisture
The water requirement during the whole growth period is generally as follows: the plantlets at seedling stage are young, and the main roots are growing underground. The drought tolerance should be promoted by seedlings; the joints grow rapidly after jointing, the plant height and leaves are large, and the water requirement increases gradually. From the 10 days before tasseling to 20 days after tasselling, the consumption of water is high, which is very sensitive to the demand for water. The flowering period is the critical period of water demand for corn. If water shortage is caused by drought, it will cause “card neck drought†and reduce the yield. Severe; after the milking period, the consumption of water is gradually reduced.
Fourth, soil and moisture
Maize has a well-developed root system, a large amount of roots, and a wide distribution, and can reach depths of up to 1 meter. Soil plowing layer requires more than 30 cm, which is the basis for guaranteeing high yield and stable production of corn. Corn absorbs more nutrients than wheat during the whole growth period. The soil that grows corn should have high fertility. Corn is also a crop with aerobic conditions. Roots have strong respiratory activity and must be supplied with sufficient oxygen. The good permeability of the soil is conducive to the development of the root system, which in turn promotes the growth of shoots and leaves on the ground. The nutrients in the upper and lower parts can be smoothly transported and exchanged.
Maize's ability to resist salinity is weaker than that of wheat, cotton, sugar beet and other crops. It is difficult to obtain high yields of corn in saline-alkali soil. Salt washing must first be carried out to ensure that soil salinity is below 0.3%.
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