In recent years, as the area under cotton cultivation has gradually expanded, agricultural management techniques have become increasingly sophisticated. However, there are still some shortcomings in chemical control practices, such as overuse of growth regulators during the seedling stage, leading to issues like "wasting" (excessive vegetative growth), loss of buds, poor fruit set, and delayed maturity. These problems often arise from improper application, which not only fails to manage plant growth effectively but can also cause significant damage to yield and quality. The author introduces the concept of "full control of cotton" and provides practical guidance on how to implement it.
First, what is the full process of cotton control? It involves the use of plant growth regulators as a key measure in modern cotton farming. From the germination stage to full flowering, these regulators are applied in carefully measured doses according to the specific needs of each growth phase. This technique is combined with improved varieties, traditional cultivation methods, and the introduction of endogenous hormones through exogenous applications, forming a comprehensive internal and external regulation system. This approach allows for precise control of plant development, shaping an ideal plant structure that supports high yields and superior quality.
Second, the main functions of dilute amine (diamino) in cotton cultivation include preventing excessive vegetative growth, reducing plant height and fruit branch length, thereby creating a more compact and efficient plant structure. After treatment, chlorophyll synthesis increases, resulting in darker, healthier leaves that improve light utilization and enhance the production and accumulation of organic matter. It also promotes root development, enhances nutrient uptake, and improves drought resistance. Additionally, it helps regulate nutrient distribution, promotes boll development, prevents boll rot, and increases fruit setting rates.
Third, the application of total chemical control using dilute amine requires careful timing and dosage. During the growing season, 4-6 applications are typically recommended, covering stages such as soaking, seedling, early flowering, and boll formation. Each application should be adjusted based on weather conditions, soil fertility, and plant growth. The goal is to apply the right amount at the right time for maximum effectiveness.
1. **Soaking Seeds**: If the seeds are not coated, soaking them in a dilute amine solution before planting is essential. A common mixture is 10 kg of water with 1-2 grams of dilute amine powder, creating a 100-200 ppm solution. Soak the seeds for 8-12 hours, then drain and sow. This practice helps promote root development and improves seedling resilience.
2. **Seedling Stage Spraying**: Typically around June 20th, spray the plants when they are in the trilobal to budding stage. Use 0.5-1 gram of dilute amine per acre mixed with 20-30 kg of water, applying it evenly to the top of the plant. This helps control plant height, simplify pruning, and coordinate water and fertilizer management.
3. **Early Flowering Stage**: Apply 2-3 grams of dilute amine per acre in 30-40 kg of water during the early flowering period. This helps optimize canopy structure, delay leaf closure, increase high-quality bolls, and reduce mid-range pruning.
4. **Flowering and Boll Formation Stage**: Spraying occurs between August 15th and 25th. Use 3-4 grams of dilute amine per acre in 40-50 kg of water, focusing on the leaves. This helps control late-stage bud growth, prevent excessive vegetative growth, and promote early autumn bolls, increasing boll weight.
**Precautions When Using Dilute Amine**:
1. **Use Conditions**: Dilute amine is best suited for well-fertilized and irrigated fields. Avoid using it in dry conditions or where irrigation is uncertain. Do not apply it to damaged crops or after natural disasters.
2. **Dose Control**: Avoid overuse, especially during the seedling, budding, and early flowering stages. Overapplication can lead to reduced fruit branches, closed leaves, and bud drop. If this occurs, spraying gibberellin (920) can help restore plant growth.
3. **Water and Fertilizer Management**: Pay attention to water and nutrient balance. Even though leaves may darken after application, do not neglect fertilization and irrigation.
4. **Weather Considerations**: Spray in the morning before 10 AM or in the late afternoon after 5 PM. If rain occurs within 8 hours, re-spraying is recommended to maintain effectiveness.
By following these guidelines, farmers can achieve better control over cotton growth, leading to higher yields, better quality, and more sustainable production.
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