Broiler farming success depends on several key factors, including the slaughter rate and feed conversion ratio. To achieve efficient broiler production—where the birds reach an optimal weight with minimal feed input—it is essential to implement best practices in breeding, housing, health management, and timing.
Selecting the right breed is crucial. White chickens such as Arbor Acres (AA) and Ross 308 are highly recommended due to their fast growth, good body structure, strong immunity, and high feed efficiency. These breeds also have a high survival rate, making them ideal for commercial broiler production.
Proper environmental control is vital for broiler health. The stocking density should be adjusted based on the season: 8–10 birds per square meter in summer, and 13 per square meter in winter and spring. A typical house of 35 square meters can accommodate 400–500 broilers. Temperature should be maintained at 32–34°C during the first week, gradually decreasing by 2–3°C per week. Humidity should be kept between 60–70% for young chicks and 50–60% for older birds. Clean, dry bedding and proper ventilation are essential for maintaining a healthy environment.
Hygiene and management play a major role in disease prevention. Broilers should be raised in open areas with free access to feed and water. Before each batch, the chicken house must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. It’s also important to maintain consistent lighting—24 hours for the first three days, then reducing by 30 minutes weekly. Regular ventilation ensures fresh air, while clean drinking water is critical. Using a vacuum drinker or shallow bowls with a wooden stick helps prevent water wastage.
Vaccination is a key part of disease control. Newcastle disease vaccines should be administered at 7–10 days and again at 25–30 days. Vaccination can be done through nasal drops or drinking water. For large farms, the drinking method is more practical. In addition to vaccination, preventive treatments like potassium permanganate, antibiotics, and other medications should be used to protect against bacterial infections such as E. coli and coccidiosis. However, medication should stop at least seven days before slaughter.
Timing the slaughter is crucial for maximizing profits. Broilers typically reach market weight between 46–52 days, weighing 2–2.5 kg. Delaying slaughter increases feed costs and reduces profitability. Monitoring market trends and knowing when to sell can significantly impact the economic outcome of your broiler operation.
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