The selection of meat dog breeders is a critical step in raising high-quality livestock. Ideal meat dogs should be large, well-proportioned, strong, and fast-growing. They should have good libido, high fertility, strong disease resistance, and excellent trainability. Generally, yellow or white-colored dogs are preferred, followed by gray and black ones. When selecting a dog, it's important to check the head shape, which should be correct, with a moist and cool nose, clean teeth, full shoulder muscles, a straight back, a deep and wide chest, well-spread ribs, slightly higher hips than the shoulders, a full pelvis, and a tight abdomen. The legs should be straight and strong. For bitches, it's essential to choose those with a high litter size, good milk production, a gentle temperament, strong maternal instincts, and good nurturing abilities. For males, focus on strong sexual drive, rapid growth, large body size, good disease resistance, and positive training performance. Breeds like the Chinese Tibetan Mastiff, Japanese Wolf Green, and German Shepherd are often used as sires to take advantage of hybrid vigor, which can improve productivity and economic returns.
Dogs used for meat production are seasonal breeders, typically going into heat twice a year—once in spring and once in autumn. It's crucial to plan breeding around these seasons to ensure successful mating. These animals have multiple litters per birth, with larger breeds capable of producing up to 10 puppies at a time. With proper reproductive management, their full potential can be realized. The gestation period for meat dogs is relatively short, averaging 62 days, which is significantly shorter than that of pigs and cattle. This means that pregnant bitches require extra nutrition and careful care during pregnancy and nursing.
Newborn puppies are highly dependent on their mothers. They are born with underdeveloped systems and lack the ability to regulate their own body temperature or feed independently. They rely entirely on their mother’s milk and warmth. Even minor neglect can lead to death, so close attention is required during this early stage. Puppies should be kept warm, monitored regularly, and ensured they receive adequate nourishment.
Estrus in female dogs usually begins between 8 to 12 months of age, depending on the breed, size, and environment. Smaller breeds may mature earlier, around 6 to 8 months, while larger breeds might not reach sexual maturity until 10 to 12 months. It's generally best to wait until the second estrus cycle before breeding, as the body is more developed and less likely to suffer from complications. Estrus typically occurs in spring (March to May) and fall (September to November). Signs of estrus include restlessness, increased affection, irritability, loss of appetite, raised tail, frequent urination, swollen vulva, and discharge that starts as bloody and becomes clear and transparent.
Breeding should occur when the vulva secretions turn clear and the bitch shows willingness to mate. This usually happens 48 to 60 hours after the start of estrus. The optimal mating window is around day 5 to 7 of the estrus cycle. After the first mating, a second one should be done 24 to 48 hours later to increase the chances of conception. The mating environment must be quiet and calm to avoid stress, which could cause the bitch to refuse to mate. Once the male inserts his penis, a natural vaginal contraction occurs, and the pair will remain locked together for 15 to 20 minutes. It's important not to disturb them during this time and to allow them to separate naturally.
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