When pig farming is in a period of low production, it's crucial to focus on cost reduction. One effective way to achieve this is by incorporating inexpensive mineral additives into pig feed. These additives not only support growth and prevent diseases but also help save feed, reduce expenses, and significantly boost the profitability of pig farming. Below are several commonly used feed additives that pig farmers can consider for better results.
**Coal Ash**
Coal ash contains essential minerals like phosphorus, potassium, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, and manganese, as well as a natural growth promoter called humic acid. Feeding pigs with coal ash can enhance enzyme activity, improve metabolism, and increase organic matter accumulation in the body. Adding 3% to 5% coal ash to the diet helps regulate internal balance, boost growth rates, reduce disease occurrence, and effectively prevent issues like diarrhea, constipation, and respiratory problems, ultimately lowering mortality rates.
**Bentonite**
Also known as "white clay," bentonite is rich in silicon, aluminum, and over 20 essential minerals such as phosphorus, potassium, copper, iron, magnesium, zinc, and more. These elements play a key role in enzyme and hormone function. Bentonite improves feed palatability and nutrient absorption, delays digestion, and enhances nutrient utilization. Its unique properties allow it to adsorb harmful substances and inhibit pathogenic bacteria, boosting immunity and promoting healthy growth. It’s typically added at 2% to 4% in pig diets.
**Zeolite**
Zeolite is a natural silicate mineral containing major and trace elements needed for pig growth, including calcium, phosphorus, iron, and copper. With a porous structure that occupies over 50% of its volume, zeolite has strong adsorption capabilities, helping remove harmful gases and toxins from the gut while inhibiting bad bacteria. Adding 3% to 5% zeolite powder to pig feed increases weight gain by about 10%, prevents diseases like diarrhea and bronchitis, improves litter health, reduces medical costs, and enhances overall hygiene on the farm.
**Maifan Stone**
Maifan stone is a naturally occurring mineral with biological activity, formed through weathering processes. It contains easily absorbable metal elements that are released in the pig’s stomach, supporting enzyme activity and nutrient utilization. Additionally, its adsorption and ion-exchange properties help prevent bacterial infections. It is generally added at 1% to 3% in pig feed to promote health and growth.
**Other Additives**
Yellow clay found beneath one meter in mountainous and hilly areas contains high levels of iron, copper, and over 20 essential minerals. Adding 2% to 4% yellow clay to feed improves appetite, weight gain, and disease resistance.
Adding 0.5% to 0.6% niobium nitrate to feed increases daily weight gain by 20% and feed efficiency by 15%. Copper sulfate at 0.25% improves growth by 16% and feed conversion by 5%. Zinc sulfate, at 10–20 mg per piglet and 30–50 mg for adult pigs, supports better appetite, coat condition, and overall health.
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