In recent years, as the area of cotton cultivation has gradually expanded, plant management techniques have become increasingly sophisticated. However, there are still some shortcomings in chemical control methods, such as excessive watering and insufficient use of growth regulators during the seedling stage. These issues not only fail to effectively manage the plant's growth but can also lead to problems like "craving" (excessive vegetative growth), loss of buds, reduced fruit set, and delayed maturity due to improper application. The author provides an introduction to "What is full control of cotton" and "How to implement it," as follows.
First, what exactly is the full control of cotton? Full control refers to the strategic use of plant growth regulators as a standard practice to enhance productivity in cotton farming. From the soaking stage through full flowering, specific doses are applied at different growth stages based on the objectives of each phase. This approach combines improved varieties, traditional agricultural practices, and the introduction of exogenous hormones to regulate internal and external plant functions. It allows for designing the ideal plant structure and field layout, ultimately aiming for high yield and quality.
Second, the main role of using dilute amine (a type of plant growth regulator) in cotton cultivation is to prevent excessive growth, reduce plant height and fruit branch length, resulting in a more compact and well-structured plant. After treatment, chlorophyll synthesis is promoted, leading to darker leaves that improve light utilization and support better organic matter accumulation. It also enhances root development, increases nutrient absorption from the soil, and improves drought resistance. Additionally, it helps regulate nutrient transport, ensuring even distribution of resources, promoting boll development, reducing boll rot, and increasing fruit setting rates.
Third, when applying total chemical control using dilute amine, it's important to follow a few key principles: apply small amounts multiple times, carefully control concentration and dosage, especially before the plant reaches a certain growth stage. The timing and amount should be adjusted according to factors like rainfall, fertilizer levels, plant appearance, and specific goals. Typically, 4–6 applications are made throughout the growing season, starting from the seedling stage, bud formation, early flowering, and flowering periods.
1. Soaking: If the seeds are not coated, soaking them with a dilute amine solution is essential. A common mixture is 10 kg of water mixed with 1–2 grams of dilute amine powder to create a 100–200 ppm solution. Seeds are soaked for 8–12 hours, then drained and sown. This method promotes root development and strengthens seedling resilience.
2. Seedling Stage Spraying: Around June 20th, spraying begins depending on the plant’s growth. From the three-leaf stage to budding, 0.5–1 gram of dilute amine per acre is mixed with 20–30 kg of water and sprayed on the top of the plant. Spraying should be even, and if needed, the number of sprays can be increased. This helps control plant shape, simplify pruning, and improve water and fertilizer management.
3. Early Flowering Stage: During the initial flowering period, 2–3 grams of dilute amine per acre is mixed with 30–40 kg of water and sprayed on the leaves. This helps control canopy structure, delay closure, increase high-quality bolls, and simplify mid-season pruning.
4. Flowering and Boll Formation Stage: Usually applied between August 15th and 25th, 3–4 grams of dilute amine per acre is mixed with 40–50 kg of water and sprayed on the leaves. This helps inhibit late-stage bud and axillary bud growth, prevents excessive vegetative growth, encourages early autumn bolls, and increases boll weight.
IV. Precautions When Using Dilute Amine
1. Strictly control application conditions: Dilute amine is suitable for well-fertilized and irrigated fields. It should not be used in dry areas where irrigation is uncertain or in fields affected by damage or natural disasters.
2. Control the dose carefully: Avoid overuse, especially during the seedling, bud, and early flowering stages. If plants grow too slowly, fruit branches may shrink, and leaves may not open, leading to bud drop. In such cases, gibberellin (920) can be sprayed to restore growth.
3. Combine with proper water and fertilizer management: After applying dilute amine, pay attention to fertilization and irrigation. Don’t neglect these because leaves may appear darker after treatment.
4. Pay attention to weather conditions when spraying: Morning before 10 AM or afternoon after 5 PM is ideal. If it rains, re-spraying can be done 8 hours later.
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