Cherry cultivation involves a series of detailed practices to ensure healthy growth, high yield, and quality fruit. Proper management of the orchard, including pruning, fertilization, disease control, and pest management, is essential for successful cherry production.
After deciduous trees shed their leaves, it's crucial to clear the garden of broken branches, rotten leaves, diseased fruits, and pests. These materials should be buried deep in the soil to enrich the organic matter content, provide nitrogen, and reduce environmental pollution. This process also helps with water conservation and improves overall soil health.
For issues like fluid injection, which can be caused by physiological potassium deficiency, viruses, bacteria, or insect damage, a treatment mix of 1 kg copper sulfate, 3 kg lime, 10 pounds of water, and half a catty of cooking oil (like peanut oil or lard) can be applied. It should be smeared on the affected areas without scraping the bark, as this may worsen the condition. Apply it 3-5 times a day for 2-3 days. This method works well for large cherries, apricots, and peaches.
If there is a diseased area, carefully scrape off the infected part, exposing the formation layer. If the formation layer is also infected, remove the discolored area. Extend 1-2 cm into the healthy tissue above the lesion and 2-3 cm below. A solution of seaweed extract, disinfectant, and shell oligosaccharides can then be brushed onto the wound, followed by a protective layer of carboxymethyl chitosan.
Another approach is to scrape the affected area and mix loess with a 500-fold diluted seaweed extract. After wiping the diseased part with streptomycin, cover it with yellow mud and wrap it with plastic film. Secure it with a rope to prevent it from falling off. Remove the plastic after 20 days.
For diseases such as rot, rough skin, dry rot, and wood rot (characterized by white fungus on branches), a solution of 10 pounds of water and 1 pound of salt boiled and cooled can be used. Brush the branches every other month, twice in total, to kill pathogens. This method must be done during dormancy until the tree begins to bud.
Before the fruit cracks, symptoms like softness, cyanosis, glassy fruit, or cracking may appear. To manage this, spray 800-fold "Erfang 2" every 7-10 days from flowering until 3 days before harvest. Then apply 500-fold Rubik’s cube 3rd on the fruit. Also, supplement calcium through the roots by digging small pits and placing lime in them. Apply it once every 2-3 years to improve soil pH and reduce pests.
Leaf calcium can also be applied during the early fruit stage. Crush calcium tablets and mix them with 20-30 pounds of water. Spray the leaves, and if needed, repeat the application. This helps prevent cracking and improves fruit quality.
Fertilization should be balanced, with an ideal N:P:K ratio of 2:1:2. Avoid excessive nitrogen and phosphate, and increase potassium and micronutrients. During the young fruit period, avoid applying nitrogen fertilizers. After harvest, spray a 0.3% urea solution to control nitrogen levels and promote tree health.
Yellow leaf disease, caused by iron deficiency, can be treated with a 0.4% ferrous sulfate solution mixed with pesticides. Apply it 3-5 days before symptoms appear. For rough skin and hard flesh, due to silicon deficiency, spray a 0.4% calcium silicate solution during the early fruit stage.
Zinc deficiency leads to mosaic disease. Before spring germination, spray 0.3% zinc sulfate on dry shoots. Copper deficiency causes tiny white spots; spraying Bordeaux mixture twice a year can help.
For frozen injury, caused by molybdenum deficiency, apply 5-6 kg of molybdic acid per mu during topdressing. Boron deficiency leads to flower drop and malformed fruit. Spray 800-fold seaweed extract and 0.3% borax solution twice—before germination and during fruit expansion.
Tree shaping is critical. Three main trunks can be formed into three branches, each with four lateral extensions. Alternatively, use a spindle shape with four layers of horizontal extensions. Proper pruning and branch management ensure strong, wind-resistant trees.
During the first fruiting period, focus on controlled fertilization, proper watering, and managing branch growth. In the mature phase, increase organic fertilizer use and pay attention to calcium and boron supplements.
To improve fruit set, plant multiple varieties and use artificial pollination methods. Spraying boron and PBO solutions can significantly enhance fruit setting rates.
Pest control includes using lime sulfur and borax to eliminate overwintering pests, followed by Bordeaux mixture or copper-based sprays. Regular applications are necessary, especially in rainy seasons.
Special tips include thorough garden cleaning after leaf fall, regular spraying to reduce fruit drop and cracking, and using whitewash to protect against frost. Replace virus-infected trees with high-yield varieties like Pioneer or Rabins.
By following these practices, cherry growers can achieve better yields, healthier trees, and higher-quality fruit.
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