Muscovy ducks are known for their resilience to rough feeding, rapid growth, and easy fattening. They have a large body size, low abdominal fat content, well-developed chest and leg muscles, high myoglobin levels, and delicious red meat. Their high feed conversion rate makes them a popular choice among consumers. Native to the hot regions of Central and South America, Muscovy ducks perform well in warm climates and are not affected by summer heat. Their physiological traits include: 1) a tendency to live in groups, making them suitable for large-scale farming; 2) a preference for swimming and playing, though breeding areas must be dry; 3) fast growth and strong metabolism, requiring more oxygen than other birds; and 4) only embryonic kidneys at birth, which means they have limited water absorption and are prone to dehydration, especially during brooding.
Before introducing ducklings, it's essential to prepare the site carefully. Choose an area away from villages, factories, and other farms, with good access, southern exposure, and dry terrain. The brooding house should be well-insulated, ventilated, and equipped with proper bedding such as sawdust, shavings, or husks. Ensure tools like drinkers, heaters, and lighting are ready. Clean and disinfect the area thoroughly using potassium permanganate and formaldehyde. Prepare quality feed, medications, and vaccines in advance.
During the first four weeks, temperature control is critical. Maintain stable temperatures ranging from 34–35°C for the first three days, gradually decreasing by 2–3°C per week until reaching around 18°C. Humidity should be adjusted accordingly—65–70% for the first week, then gradually reduced. Proper ventilation is important due to their high oxygen demand and sensitivity to harmful gases. Keep the density reasonable, adjusting space as the ducks grow. Provide adequate lighting, starting with strong light for the first three days, then reducing it over time. Feed the ducklings properly, ensuring clean water and balanced nutrition.
From week five onward, focus on breeding management. Monitor feathering issues, which can be controlled through proper grouping and feeding adjustments. Maintain a 200:1 male-to-female ratio in each pen, and ensure solid barriers. Limit feeding to control weight and improve egg production. Weigh ducks regularly and adjust feed accordingly. Set up nesting areas with dry bedding and collect eggs frequently. Implement forced moulting when egg production drops below 50%, and use high-quality feed tailored to different growth stages.
Maintain strict hygiene, regular disinfection, and isolation of sick ducks. Prevent diseases through vaccination and proper biosecurity measures. Avoid mixing ducks of different ages and maintain dedicated facilities. A well-managed Muscovy duck farm requires attention to detail, consistent care, and a proactive approach to health and growth. With the right conditions, these ducks can thrive and deliver excellent results in both meat and egg production.
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