In early spring, winter gourds, summer cabbages, and autumn-winter celery are harvested three times a year using pollution-free cultivation methods. During the summer, the greenhouse film remains covered, with a layer of shade net installed on top, while the surrounding film is rolled up to allow ventilation through insect nets. When it rains, the film is lowered, and after the rain, it is rolled up again to prevent wind damage. Once the winter celery has finished its growth cycle, the shade net is removed, and as temperatures drop, air circulation is gradually reduced.
For early spring melon cultivation, selecting the right variety is crucial. Choose small, early-maturing, high-yield, disease-resistant, and high-quality varieties. Seedlings should be raised in a protected nursery starting in early February. A nutrient mix of 6 parts sterile sandy loam and 4 parts well-decomposed organic fertilizer is used, with 2-3 kg of compound fertilizer and 50% carbendazim WP added per cubic meter. After mixing the fertilizer and fungicide into a solution, it is sprayed onto the soil and thoroughly mixed. Seeds are soaked to promote germination, then planted one per pot, covered with 1.5–2 cm of soil. Maintain daytime temperatures between 25°C and 28°C, and nighttime temperatures between 15°C and 18°C. After seedlings emerge, reduce the temperature to 23°C–25°C during the day and 12°C–16°C at night. Apply a 0.2% mixture of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea once the true leaves appear. Seedlings are ready for transplanting after about 30 days, when they have 3–4 leaves. Hardening off begins 7–10 days before planting.
Soil preparation involves digging trenches 1 meter wide and 0.5 meters deep. Each trench receives 4,000 kg of chicken manure, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 100 kg of superphosphate, 50 kg of potassium sulfate, and 60 kg of bean or cotton cake. In early March, two rows of melons are planted in each trench, spaced 0.5 meters apart. Mulch is applied, and a small shed is placed over the plants. At night, a grass shed is added for extra protection.
Field management includes the triple vine pruning method. Remove the first female flower, and manually pollinate the second and third flowers. Leave 1–2 melons per vine. After fruit setting, apply top dressing and irrigation, and use carbon dioxide gas fertilizer to enhance growth. Harvest occurs in mid to late April when the fruit weighs 1–1.5 kg. After the first harvest, cut the vines 20–50 cm from the base. Deep cultivate the soil, applying 20 kg of urea and 20 kg of compound fertilizer per acre. Retain 3 vines per plant, leaving 1–2 per plant for the next round. The second harvest takes place in late June.
For summer cabbage, choose heat-, moisture-, and disease-resistant varieties. After removing the previous crop, prepare the soil by adding 3,000 kg of compost and 50 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre. Plow and form ridges 70 cm wide and 30 cm high. Plant two lines per ridge, with 45 cm between rows and 40 cm between holes. Sow 2–3 seeds per hole, aiming for 4,000–4,200 plants per acre.
Field management includes thinning seedlings when they have 2 leaves and 1 heart, and transplanting them when they have 6–7 leaves. Perform timely weeding and tillage. During the initial growth stage, apply 15 kg of urea per acre with irrigation. As the head begins to form, add 20 kg of urea per acre. Due to the use of shade nets and insect barriers, pest and disease pressure is lower. During the seedling stage, spray agricultural streptomycin 1–2 times to prevent soft rot. Use imidacloprid, Hisun Sanling, or Ruijinte to control aphids, cabbage caterpillars, and diamondback moths.
Harvest summer cabbage 50–60 days after sowing, when the heads weigh 1.5–2 kg. The harvesting period typically runs from late August to early September.
For overwintering celery, select fast-growing, cold-tolerant, and non-bolting varieties. In mid-July, build a high-elevation nursery and cover it with a shade net. Soak seeds in cold water for 8–12 hours, drain, and sow in fine loamy soil. Water the soil once after sowing and keep it moist until emergence. Water 2–3 times after germination. When seedlings reach 10 cm, apply one or two foliar feedings to promote healthy growth.
After harvesting the previous crop, clean the field and treat the soil with appropriate fungicides if necessary. Apply 4,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 50 kg of diammonium phosphate, 30 kg of potassium sulfate, 30 kg of superphosphate, and 1–2 kg of zinc sulfate per acre. Create flat beds 15–20 cm wide and 10–15 cm apart. One day before planting, irrigate the seedbed. Transplant seedlings with roots 3–5 cm long, planting them 3–5 cm deep. Water immediately after planting, and apply 5 kg of urea or 15 kg of ammonium bicarbonate for initial growth. Once leaves stand upright and the root system develops, begin topdressing and watering regularly. Spray 50 mg/kg of gibberellic acid when plants reach 30 cm, repeating every 10–15 days with irrigation and fertilization.
Harvest overwintering celery once, cutting it at 40–50 cm tall. For disease and pest control, spray thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim for leaf spot, and use aerosols after closing the greenhouse. Control aphids with imidacloprid.
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