The primary role of the fermentation bed is to support the activity of beneficial microorganisms, which are essential for breaking down waste and maintaining a healthy environment in the piggery. However, the effectiveness of these microorganisms depends on several factors, making daily management critical. This process can be considered the "assistant" that ensures the fermentation bed functions properly. So, what exactly should be done?
First, it's important to control the density of pigs in the piggery. Overcrowding reduces the efficiency of the fermentation bed, as too many pigs in a small area can overwhelm the system. A recommended space of 1.2–1.5 square meters per pig is ideal for optimal performance.
Second, maintaining the right moisture level on the bed surface is crucial. The bed should not be too dry, as this can hinder microbial growth and even cause respiratory issues in pigs. On the other hand, excessive moisture can lead to poor air circulation. Regularly spraying water or an active agent solution helps maintain the proper balance.
Third, regular deworming of the pigs is necessary. Before introducing animals into the piggery, make sure they are free from internal parasites. This prevents eggs from being introduced into the fermentation bed, where they could be ingested by pigs while feeding on the microbial layer.
Fourth, monitor the activity of the microbial strains. If you're using non-professional strains, it may be necessary to add active agents to keep them alive and effective. However, if you're using high-quality, professional strains, no additional agents are usually needed. If the wood chips in the piggery start to thin out, consider adding more microbial cultures or active agents to maintain performance.
Fifth, manage the amount of feed given to the pigs. It's advisable to reduce the feed quantity to about 80% of the normal level. This allows pigs to easily move around and mix the materials on the bed. Pigs typically defecate and urinate in specific areas, so managers can dig pits to bury the waste, improving the overall hygiene of the system.
Sixth, check the humidity levels regularly. The central fermentation layer should ideally have a moisture content of 50–60%. If it becomes too wet, turn on ventilation or add sawdust to absorb excess moisture. If it's too dry, lightly spray water to restore the balance.
Lastly, avoid using chemical medications or antibiotics in the fermentation piggery. These substances can kill the beneficial microorganisms, reducing their ability to function properly and disrupting the entire system. Maintaining a natural, organic environment is key to the long-term success of the fermentation bed.
By following these steps, you can ensure that your fermentation bed operates efficiently and sustainably, creating a healthier living environment for the pigs and a more eco-friendly farming system.
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