1. During the garden cleaning and sowing period, it's essential to treat the soil to eliminate underground pests. Apply 0.25 kg of trichlorfon or 0.2–0.25 kg of phoxim per 667 square meters. Mix the pesticide thoroughly with 20–25 kg of soil and spread it evenly across the field. When tilling the soil, ensure that the treated area is properly turned over to make it safe for planting. Timely removal of residual leaves from pastures and infected seedlings is also crucial. Prevention is key, as cutworms are known to transmit various plant viruses. Early detection and control are vital—once an outbreak is identified, immediate action should be taken. Use 40% Dimethoate EC diluted at 1000–2000 times, 50% Malathion EC at 1500–2000 times, or 70% Quercus WP at 2000 times. These solutions can effectively control aphids, whiteflies, and red spider mites, with a recommended dosage of 350 g per 667 square meters.
2. Tailor your pest and disease management strategies based on the type of vegetable, its growth stage, and the specific diseases present. Use high-efficiency, low-toxicity fungicides. For example, use mancozeb or zinc-based products to manage downy mildew and blight. For powdery mildew, rust, and black spot, choose protective agents like copper-based fungicides or multi-bacterial formulations. Alternating or combining different agents helps reduce the development of resistance in pests and pathogens.
3. Strengthen intercropping and weed control practices to lower the chances of disease and pest infestations. Crop rotation is also an effective strategy to prevent the buildup of diseases caused by continuous planting of the same crop over multiple seasons.
4. A natural method to control aphids involves using Cordyceps sinensis water. Mix 50 kg of water with 10 kg of wood ash, let it soak overnight, then filter and spray the solution to manage cabbage caterpillars and aphids effectively.
5. Biological pesticides have shown great success in controlling fungal diseases such as powdery mildew, wilt, and leaf spot in vegetables like cabbages and melons. They offer a safer alternative to chemical treatments while maintaining effectiveness.
6. Promote the use of biological control methods by introducing natural predators to manage pests. For instance, Bacillus-based insecticides can control cabbage caterpillars, while seven-spotted ladybugs help control aphid populations. These techniques not only reduce chemical dependency but also support a more sustainable farming system.
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