1. Cultivate Disease-Free, Strong Seedlings
1.1 Select Appropriate Varieties for Greenhouse Cultivation
To ensure healthy and vigorous seedlings, it is essential to choose early-flowering varieties with shallow dormancy, cold resistance, high yield, and superior quality. Commonly used varieties in current production include Fengxiang, Mingbao, Ghost Anger Gan, Zhangmu Girl, Xing Xiang, and Zhang Ji. These varieties are known for their strong growth potential and adaptability to greenhouse conditions.
1.2 Establish a Dedicated Nursery
1.2.1 Site Selection and Soil Preparation
The nursery should be located on well-drained, elevated land with loose soil, good irrigation, and ample sunlight. Sandy loam soil is ideal, as it prevents waterlogging, compaction, and the buildup of pests or diseases. The seedbed ratio should be 1:4. Prior crops such as strawberries or vegetables should undergo chemical or solar sterilization to eliminate pathogens.
1.2.2 Use Virus-Free Seedlings from Tissue Culture
Tissue-cultured virus-free seedlings are the best choice for mother plant cultivation. They exhibit stronger growth, higher disease resistance, and better fruit quality compared to non-virus-free plants. Seedling production can increase by 15–30%. Healthy, disease-free mother plants should be selected and reserved for propagation. Weak or mixed seedlings should be removed promptly.
Mother plant spacing depends on variety characteristics, planting time, and growing conditions. For varieties with strong stolon development, wider spacing is recommended. For example, Mingbao and Fengxiang require about 1–1.2 m² per plant, while Zhangmu Girl and other varieties need 0.5 m². Typically, 800–1200 mother plants are planted per 666.7 m². A 1.5-meter-wide raised bed is used, with 40–60 cm between plants and 50–80 cm between rows.
1.2.3 Planting Mother Plants
Mother plants are usually planted between late February and early April. Old leaves should be removed before planting, and the roots should not be buried too deep. The base of the heart and the root neck should be level with the soil surface. After planting, water should be applied immediately, and plastic mulch should be removed in mid-to-late April once the plants are established.
1.3 Nursery Management
1.3.1 Soil Fertility Management
After planting, the soil should be loosened to create a favorable environment for root development. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which may lead to weak growth and disease. If needed, light top-dressing with 10–15 kg of compound fertilizer per 666.7 m² can be applied during the stem growth period. Watering should be done sparingly—only 5–7 days after drought, using light irrigation rather than flooding. Weeding and drainage should be managed regularly.
1.3.2 Management of Mother Plants and Stolons
1.3.2.1 Flower Bud Removal
In spring, remove any flower buds that appear on the mother plants to reduce nutrient consumption and promote stolon development.
1.3.2.2 Stolon Arrangement
Stolons should be neatly arranged and supported with stakes or wire to maintain proper spacing (10–15 cm). Excess shoots should be removed to improve air circulation and light exposure.
1.3.2.3 Gibberellin Spraying
Spray 0.3–0.5 g of gibberellin powder dissolved in 10 L of water (5–10 ml per dilution) to stimulate growth.
1.3.2.4 Weeding
Apply 48% trifluralin EC at 150–200 ml per 666.7 m² before planting. Control weeds manually or chemically during the growth period.
1.3.2.5 Leaf Removal
Regularly remove old or diseased leaves to maintain 4–5 healthy leaves on each mother plant.
1.3.2.6 Pest and Disease Control
Use insecticides like trichlorfon or phoximine for underground pests, and fungicides like thiophanate-methyl or chlorothalonil for foliar diseases. Apply at appropriate concentrations.
1.4 Root-Cutting Transplantation
1.4.1 Seedling Selection
Root-cutting transplantation is typically done from late June to late July. Select healthy seedlings with 3 leaves, cut the stems near the base, and remove old or damaged leaves. Place them in pots with only the roots submerged in water. Ensure the seedlings are free from disease before transplanting.
1.4.2 Transplanting Cuttings
Transplant cuttings 20 days before flower bud formation, usually in mid to late August. Use medium-sized seedlings with 4–5 green leaves and a 0.6–1.0 cm thick root neck. Cut the roots into 7 cm squares or cylinders and plant them in a grid pattern. Water the day before transplanting to prevent wilting. The number of transplants depends on the flowering status and growth trends, with 1–2 applications typically recommended.
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