Prevention and remedy of fruit tree damage

In recent years, many orchards have experienced significant issues after applying chemical fertilizers, leading to fertilizer burn. While young leaves may regrow, the overall tree vitality is severely weakened, resulting in stunted growth throughout the year. In severe cases, branches become dry and lifeless, and the tree may eventually die. **Symptoms of Fertilizer Damage** When fertilizer damage occurs, the roots of the affected trees turn red-brown and begin to die. The outer layer of larger roots becomes brown, while the xylem turns black. On the branches, young leaves and flowers may wither, affecting leaf development and flowering. In some cases, the bark on the trunk shows browning that extends downward from the base of large roots. The inner xylem turns black, and if the damage spreads to larger branches, it can lead to branch death. Additionally, when top-dressing is done outside the root zone, high concentrations of fertilizer can cause leaf burn, dryness, and even damage to the fruit surface. **Causes of Fertilizer Damage** The primary cause of fertilizer damage is improper application methods. Direct contact between fertilizers and tree roots over a long period can result in severe damage. Specific reasons include: (1) Applying too much chemical fertilizer at once, creating a high concentration of nutrients near the roots. (2) Incorrect placement of fertilizers, such as placing them too close to the trunk or large roots, which increases the risk of burning. (3) Over-concentration of fertilizer during application, where it isn't properly mixed with soil, leading to localized damage. (4) Using undecomposed organic fertilizer that generates heat during decomposition, potentially causing harm. Substandard or improperly formulated fertilizers can also contribute to the problem. **Prevention of Fertilizer Damage** To prevent fertilizer damage, it's essential to apply the right amount and use a distributed fertilization method. Instead of concentrating fertilizers in one spot, spread them across multiple sites, holes, pits, and channels. Organic fertilizers should be fully composted and well-mixed with soil before application. During the annual growth cycle, three main fertilization periods are recommended: early spring (March), flower bud differentiation (June), and late autumn (September). These should be applied in a 4:3:4 ratio to meet the tree’s needs effectively. Fertilization should take place away from the trunk and major roots, ideally at the edge of the tree’s canopy. This not only protects the roots but also enhances nutrient absorption by the peripheral root system. When using fertilizers outside the root zone, choose safe types and maintain a concentration of 0.3%-0.5%. Avoid applying them during hot weather to reduce the risk of leaf burn. **Remedies for Fertilizer-Damaged Trees** If a tree has been damaged by fertilizer, immediate action is necessary to minimize further harm. If the issue stems from over-fertilization, water the area heavily to dilute the fertilizer concentration. If the roots are severely damaged, remove the topsoil around the tree and allow the roots to dry briefly to encourage new root growth. Three effective remedies include: (1) The continued feeding method, where the fertilizer in the ditch is removed and replaced with loam. (2) The displacement-shifting method, where damaged fertilizer is moved to new trenches to avoid the original site. (3) The root-cutting method, which involves removing burned roots from the trench to promote recovery. If leaves are damaged, they should be sprayed immediately to help restore their health.

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