The waxy plum can be propagated through several methods, including seed sowing, cuttings, grafting, and ramification. Each technique has its own advantages and is suited to different growing conditions and goals.
1. **Sowing Method**
a. **Autumn Sowing**: After the fruit matures between July and August, it is harvested, and the seeds are extracted from the fruit. These seeds can be sown immediately. Within 10 days of sowing, seedlings will begin to emerge. These young plants can grow up to 20 cm in height. This method is ideal for those looking to start from scratch with natural propagation.
b. **Spring Sowing**: Most spring sowings take place between March and April. The seeds are usually collected and stored from the previous year. Before planting, they should be soaked in warm water (30–40°C) for 12 hours to improve germination rates. Then, they are planted in sandy loam soil. Seedlings typically appear within 15 to 20 days. After transplanting, it takes about 3 to 4 years for the plant to flower. This method is often used when controlled growth is desired.
2. **Ramet Method**
The ramet method is best performed when buds start to sprout, usually between March and April. The selected shoots should be at least 20–30 cm above the ground. It's preferable if the shoot has a cut end from the previous year, allowing the mother plant to store more nutrients. To propagate, the soil around the mother plant is carefully removed, and a portion of the shoot is cut using a knife and separated from the parent plant.
3. **Grafting Method**
Grafting is a common technique used to combine desirable traits from two different plants. It involves two main steps: cutting and docking.
a. **Cutting**: This is done annually between March and April, when the buds begin to swell. The scion is taken from a healthy 2- to 3-year-old waxy plum tree, selecting strong one-year-old branches. The scion is cut to a length of 6–7 cm, leaving 1–2 pairs of buds. A slant cut is made on both sides of the scion, just exposing the xylem. The rootstock, which is typically a 4- to 5-year-old waxy plum seedling or a dog tooth wax, is cut 3–6 cm above the ground. A vertical split is made, and the scion is inserted into the rootstock, aligning the cambium layers. The area is then wrapped with plastic tape and covered with wet mud before being buried in soil to keep it moist.
b. **Docking**: This method is carried out between May 6 and May 21 each year. The rootstock is chosen from a fine variety of Lamei, and a branch of similar thickness is selected as the scion. Both the rootstock and scion are cut with 3–9 cm incisions, ensuring that the xylem is not damaged. The cuts are aligned so that the cambium layers are in close contact, and the interface is tied tightly with string. Wet mud is applied to keep the area moist, and the entire joint is wrapped with plastic film. The rootstock’s branches are lightly pruned but not completely removed, allowing them to continue supplying moisture and nutrients to the scion. After approximately 40 days, if new leaves and shoots appear on the scion, the lower part of the scion can be cut, and all branches above the root cut are removed, turning the grafted section into an independent plant.
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