Celery soft rot, also known as bacterial soft rot, is a common disease that occurs during summer and autumn. It spreads quickly and can cause significant crop losses, making early prevention and control essential.
The disease primarily affects the petioles and leaves of celery plants. Initially, water-soaked, light-brown spots appear, often in spindle-shaped or irregular forms. These lesions soon develop into wet rot, emitting a foul, blackish odor. In advanced stages, only the epidermis remains, while the inner tissues decay completely.
The pathogen responsible for this disease is *Erwinia carotovora* subsp. *carotovora*, a bacterium that causes soft rot in carrots and other vegetables. The bacteria overwinter in the soil and enter the plant through wounds caused by insects, mechanical damage, or environmental stress. The disease spreads rapidly under high humidity conditions, especially when rain or irrigation water splashes onto the plants. It can also occur alongside frost damage or other diseases, worsening the impact on the crop.
To manage celery soft rot effectively, several preventive and control measures should be implemented:
1. Practice crop rotation for at least two years to reduce pathogen buildup in the soil.
2. Avoid excessive soil contact with the plant stems during planting. Ensure proper soil aeration and drainage, and avoid overwatering. After heavy rains, drain excess water promptly. Remove and destroy infected plants immediately, and apply lime or disinfectants to the affected areas.
3. During the early stages of infection, apply effective bactericides such as 72% streptomycin sulfate soluble powder diluted 3000–4000 times, 50% garamycin WP at 500–600 times, or 77% mancozeb WP at 500 times. Other options include 52% thifluzamide wettable powder (600–800 times), 30% copper oxychloride suspension (800 times), 30% green detergent (400 times), 14% ammonium bicarbonate solution (350 times), 50% copper oxychloride wettable powder (500–600 times), and 95% CT sterilant (copper acetate) at 500 times. Repeat applications every 7–10 days for 2–3 cycles. Stop applying chemicals three days before harvest.
By following these strategies, farmers can significantly reduce the risk of celery soft rot and protect their crops from severe damage.
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