The greenhouse vine cultivation has solved the long-term problems that have plagued the viticulture of open fields in our region with many diseases, low fruit setting rate, and four major problems in the monotony and quality of varieties. It is possible to ripen the grapes earlier or later and to make it difficult to cultivate the open fields. The successful cultivation of the Eurasian grape varieties can also ensure that the grapes are fully ripened and harvested through the cultivation of the greenhouses to improve the quality. First, the construction of a garden, a greenhouse structure using a single or arched steel or bamboo shed, shed width of 6 to 8 meters, shoulder width of 1.6 to 2.0 meters, the top height of 2.8 to 3.2 meters, unlimited length, north-south, covering the film Use PVC longevity film or ethylene-vinyl acetate film. 2. Two rows of sheds are planted in a rack, with a row spacing of 3 to 4 meters. A "Y"-shaped or "double cross" fence or a 1-2 rows of 1.8-meter-high arched pergolas are planted in each shed. . Second, the colonization 1, preparation before planting: open straight through the groove, deep 60 ~ 80 cm, 80 cm wide, unlimited length. The cement pillars shall be buried every 4 to 4.5 meters, and 5,000 kg per mu of decomposed organic fertilizer shall be mixed with 2% superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as the base fertilizer, and thoroughly mixed with the soil and poured into the ditch to prepare for planting. 2. Colonization: Planting will be completed in December or in spring from March to March in the winter. Electric nursery seedlings are sowed in late January to early February and planted in the middle and late April. Two rows of plants were planted in the greenhouse, with a spacing of 3 to 4 meters; plant spacing: 1.5 to 2 meters for the strong tree vigor and 1 meter for the weaker variety. The seedlings of the year were protected from rain. Third, seedling management: 1, thin fat after the application of planting watering, after the seedlings germinate or slow seedling period after the end of every half a month thin fertilizer (must avoid fertilizer too thick), to mid-August, stop the use of nitrogen fertilizer, Phosphorus and potassium fertilizers were applied several times, combined with spraying, and additional fertilizers were applied outside the roots. 2. Disease prevention and pest management: Generally, Eurasian grape varieties are more sensitive to Bordeaux liquid with a large amount of lime or lime, and they are changed to fungicides during young leaves, such as: chlorothalonil, carbendazim or thioredox, or Dupont, etc., in autumn. After the leaves are mature, Bordeaux's liquid or m-45 anti-downy mildew can be used, and downy mildew has been used to prevent and treat with diethylphosphorus metalaxyl. Strictly prevent the beetle feeding leaves and avoid spraying herbicides. 3. Tree culture: Straw frame: When the seedlings are 70-80 cm high, the heart is picked and dried, and the upper end is selected for 2 tips. A wire is pulled at 70-80 centimeters to make the two shoots spread to both sides. When the main vine grows 82 to 100 centimeters, it is tossed again to promote thickening, and then the secondary draw is used to draw the leaves, leaving 4 to 6 leaves to pick the heart; the small scaffolding: the seedlings are uniaxially extended to the shed after 1 meter to pick the heart. In this way, until the autumn tree has basically had the result conditions. Four cultivation points: 1, to promote cultivation: grape winter dormancy required low temperature hours below 7.2 °C for about 1500-2000 hours, fully low temperature dormancy can improve the uniformity of germination and flowering. Staying in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai from the end of January to the end of February, so early February is the best time to keep warm (not warming) the film in the greenhouse. At this time, we have avoided the minimum temperature of the year (January) and the temperature begins to slow down. Rising, full use of light energy, conducive to heat insulation. For example, after defoliation in winter (January-December), treatment of annual branch shoots with 20% lime nitrogen solution had a significant effect of breaking the sleep, sprouting, flowering, and fruiting results about one week earlier. Suitable early coverage for insulation or warming greenhouses. Lime nitrogen is first dissolved in warm water and dissolved. The precipitated clear liquid can be used at any time. Brushes can be used to brush dormant buds without adverse effects on flower quality. 2. Pre-emergence management after coating: (1) Film selection and coating. The important factors of grape cultivation in southern greenhouses are the high strength of the film. In the summer, high temperature and strong ultraviolet radiation are used to rapidly age the film. After the early autumn typhoon struck, the film was damaged and leaked, resulting in fruit disease. At present, the domestically produced high-strength plastic film is ideal for anti-aging and long-life films. Early maturing varieties cover the film from February to August when the fruit is harvested; late maturing varieties cover from March to September, and harvest time does not exceed half a year. The longevity film does not age significantly and can be used continuously for 2 seasons (2 years ). However, each shelf of the late-maturing variety should be provided with a laminating line to increase wind resistance. The membrane should be removed and marked with the shed number on the first label to cover the same shed in the next year. The width of the film in the greenhouse should be 8 meters. Can directly cover both sides, is conducive to avoiding rain and water. Promote the cultivation of greenhouses (early and medium-maturing varieties) cover film, under the insulation of the apron; rain shelter cultivation (late varieties) without insulation, you can not skirt, so that both sides better ventilation, is conducive to delay mature. (2) Insulation and moisture retention in the shed. Covered greenhouses should be kept at a daily temperature of 28°C and a night temperature of not less than 10°C. In fact, in February, the temperature difference between inside and outside the sheds in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, and Shanghai needs to be kept above 15°C to achieve the ideal temperature in the greenhouse. The determinants of budding in the shed will be determined in the morning and evening, while increasing the night temperature will be more effective than raising the temperature. important. (3) Methods to increase the temperature in the shed: Double layers of membranes should be used to cover the surface of the plants, or to cover the membranes on the floating surface of the plants, and to increase the temperature of the ground. The temperature of the shed can be increased by adding wind barriers to the northwest of the shed. (4) Full watering in the pre-laminated shed to keep the relative humidity of the shed within 90% of high humidity during germination, which is conducive to neat shoots. For example, if the air humidity in the pre-emergence greenhouse is too low and the shoots are too dry, the germination will be delayed. Even withered. Full irrigation of water in the greenhouse after coating will lead to a drop in soil temperature, so as to avoid flooding after the cover is covered, and water spray on the shoots may be used to increase the moisture content of the shoots.
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