1. The natural ecological conditions of the base must be selected to establish production bases in production areas that meet the environmental quality standards for pollution-free paddy fields (NY5116-2002) - air quality, irrigation water quality, and soil environmental quality indicators.
1. Air conditions: There must be no air pollution around the base, and there is no air pollution within 500 meters. The air quality assessment adopts the first-grade standard listed in the National Standard for Atmospheric Environment Quality (GB3095-1996). The main evaluation factors include total suspended particulates (TSP), sulfur dioxide (S sulfur dioxide), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and fluorides.
2. Soil conditions: The base rice field must be far away from “three wastes†polluted factories, hospitals, and living areas, and must be more than 500 meters away; it must not use contaminated fields such as once-piled, garbage-filled and industrial or hospital wastes, waste residues, etc. The land where the rice is planted. The soil elements in the production area are required to be located in the normal background area, and the national evaluation criteria for soil environmental quality (GB15618-1995) are used for evaluation. At the same time, higher soil fertility is required, and the soil quality meets the green food soil quality standards. The main evaluation factors include heavy metals and heavy metals (Hg, Cd, pb, Cr, As) and organic pollutants (666, DDT).
3. Irrigation conditions: Water sources contaminated with industrial and domestic wastewater shall not be used as irrigation water. The quality of production water should be guaranteed; the place of production should be selected in areas where surface water and groundwater are clean and pollution-free; there is no pollution source that poses a threat to the origin in the upper reaches of water areas and waters; the quality of production water meets the environmental quality standards for green food quality, including farmland irrigation. The water quality standard for national farmland irrigation (GB5084-92) was used for evaluation; the main evaluation factors included conventional chemical properties (PH value, dissolved oxygen), heavy metals and heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, As, Cr, F, CN), organic Pollutants (BOD5, organochlorine, etc.) and bacteriological indicators (E. coli, bacteria).
4. Climatic conditions: pollution-free high-quality rice production requires abundant sunlight, abundant rainfall, low temperature at the later stage, and a large temperature difference between day and night, especially the conditions of temperature and humidity during the heading and flowering stage and the grain filling stage of rice. The optimum temperature for heading and flowering of rice is 26 to 28°C, and the suitable temperature for grouting is 20 to 28°C and relative humidity is 75%. The mountainous and semi-mountainous regions in the mid-east of Jilin Province meet the climatic conditions. The natural forest coverage of the Changbai Mountain vein is high, and there are more tributaries of the Songhua River, with abundant rainfall and large temperature difference between day and night. The temperature difference between day and night during the middle and late rice growth period averages between 10 and 15°C. Accumulation of dry matter in rice. The mid-maturing varieties of headed mid-maturing varieties are arranged in late July and the mid-late-maturing varieties are scheduled to be in early August. This will not only avoid the cold weather that may occur during the heading and flowering period, but also extend the filling period, thereby improving the seed setting rate and rice quality. It is guaranteed to be harvested from September 15 to 25 in due course.
Second, the use of pesticides adheres to the principle of "prevention as the mainstay and comprehensive prevention and control." On the basis of comprehensive prevention and control of agriculture, biology, and physics, we will strengthen the prediction and prediction of diseases and insect pests, strictly and scientifically use pesticides, and prioritize the use of biogenic pesticides and mineral-origin pesticides in the selection of pesticides. When chemical agents must be used for prevention and control, strict compliance with the relevant provisions of NY5117-2002 "Technical Code for the Production of Non-environmentally Harsh Food Rice," and use of low toxicity, low residue, safe and effective pesticides, and strict implementation of their dosage, safety intervals and so on. Do not use organophosphorus pesticides such as methamidophos, hydroamidophosphor, isocarbophos, methyl 1605, methylisotriphos, smash, monocrotophos, cyanomethrin, omethoate, carbofuran, Rice bran net, different rice bran net and so on. In addition, methylsulfuron-methyl and herbicidal ether cannot be used in the selection of rice field herbicides. In the selection of pesticides for pest control, pesticides with broad spectrum, high efficiency, low toxicity, low residue, and residual period shorter than 10 days should be selected. The safe drainage period for using pesticides is 5-7 days. The first is agricultural prevention and control: select varieties with strong resistance and stress resistance, rotate the varieties regularly, maintain variety resistance, adopt a reasonable farming system, cultivate strong seedlings, transplant seedlings at the right time: rational dense planting, formula fertilization, scientific irrigation, elimination of diseased rice straw and Pool weed. Second, biological control: by selecting low-to-low, poisonous chemical pesticides that have a low lethal effect on natural enemies, avoiding the sensitive period of natural enemies to pesticides, and creating measures that are conducive to breeding natural enemies, protect natural enemies, and use and release natural enemies to control pests and weeds. The occurrence of harm. The third is physical control: black-light lamps, shock-type insecticidal lamps and other mechanical and physical devices to trap, kill and kill pests.
1. Seed soaking disinfection: According to the DB22/T992-2002 standard, choose high-efficiency and low-toxic disinfectant for disinfection. Soaking seeds must be 15 cm higher than the water surface, soaking time with the water temperature, the general water temperature 15 °C soaking for 5 to 6 days, water temperature 10 °C soaking for 7 to 8 days. Miao disease clear, 901, etc., according to the type of disinfectant, some immersed in the end, some need cleaning, in accordance with the instructions required to operate.
2. Rice blast: According to the provisions of GB/T15790, when the central disease of rice blast occurs, 40% of Fuji No.1 emulsifiable concentrate or wettable powder, 1.0 to 1.25 kg per hectare of water to spray 500 times; also available 13% Indica rice or tricyclazole wettable powder, 1.5 kg/ha, 500 times water spray.
3. Rice smut: spraying 750 kg of water per hectare with 150 to 200 g of Jinggangmycin per hectare in the late booting season, or using DT fungicide to spray water within 10 days before heading before spraying.
4. Rice borer borer: On cultivation, a robust rice population can be cultivated by selecting agronomic varieties such as resistance to pests and diseases, appropriate control of nitrogen application rate, and adjustment of row spacing and planting specifications to reduce the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases. In the field, a frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp is used every 60 mu (667 square meters/mu) to trap and kill rice pests and diseases. After 15 to 20 days of cultivation, 12 ducks of the South China River were stocked for every 667 square meters to prevent weeds and suppress pests and diseases.
5. Weed control: In addition to competing with rice for water, nutrients and sunlight, weeds in paddy fields affect rice growth and development. It is also the middle host of pests and diseases. Therefore, controlling weeds is one of the key technologies for the cultivation of pollution-free high quality rice. High-quality rice cultivation is best to use artificial cultivator weeding, to minimize the use of chemical herbicides. The cultivating and weeding can be used to loosen the soil, improve the ventilation of the soil, and promote the growth and development of underground roots. It is also possible to raise ducks in rice fields, that is, the ecological cultivation of rice and ducks; it is also possible to raise fish and crabs in rice fields; as long as these ducks, fish and river crabs are alive, it means that the rice produced in rice fields is very safe. . According to the type of weeds in paddy fields, chemical weeding is selected by using low toxicity and high efficiency chemical herbicides 5 to 7 days after transplanting. Per hectare 60% Butyrate ammonia emulsifiable concentrate 1.5kg +10% Glufosin WP 200g Mix 300kg fine sand or fluvo-aquic soil, keep the water layer 4~5cm a week after application, mainly control valerian, wild mushroom , Terex, Alisma orientalis; if the weed control effect is poor, it can be 48% Bentasone emulsion 1.5kg per hectare + 25% Diurester emulsifiable concentrate 7.5kg 250kg water, in the middle and late June drain rice paddy field water Spraying, watering two days later, mainly controlling Trifolium pratense and barnyardgrass.
Third, chemical fertilization use formula fertilization, should be combined with organic fertilizer application, application should be based on different soil, different crops lack of symptoms symptoms, symptomatic application, shall not abuse. It is forbidden to use organic fertilizers made of organic materials such as wastes from cities, hospitals, industrial areas, organic sludge, etc., unfamiliar human wastes and cake fertilizers, and superphosphate produced from waste acid phosphate fertilizers (sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid) or Other phosphate fertilizers, including hormones or hormones foliar fertilizers. Promote the use of long-term fertilizers, such as: coating urea, coated urea, long-term ammonium bicarbonate, etc.; promote the use of special compound fertilizers. All localities can adopt straw stacking and field returning and straw returning to field conditions. With the exception of returning crop straw and green manure, other organic fertilizers should be used after detoxification and adequate decomposing to kill various parasite eggs, pathogenic bacteria, and weed seeds so as to achieve a harmless and hygienic standard.
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