In recent months, broiler farmers in Tangshan and Baoding have reported unsatisfactory breeding outcomes during autumn and winter. Common issues include poor insulation, accumulation of harmful gases, and disease outbreaks. Many farmers are seeking technical support to improve their management practices. In response, we have published a detailed article titled *"Autumn and Winter Broiler Breeding Tips"* to help breeders enhance their operations. We also emphasize that broiler management is a complex task requiring attention to multiple factors beyond the ones discussed here. Strengthening immunization programs, monitoring feed quality, and managing breeder health are equally important for achieving better results.
**1. Balancing Insulation and Ventilation**
During colder seasons, maintaining an optimal indoor temperature while ensuring proper air circulation is crucial. The temperature inside the poultry house must be significantly higher than outside, so it's essential to ventilate without causing sudden temperature fluctuations. Sudden drops can stress the birds and increase the risk of respiratory diseases such as coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing. It’s recommended to install ventilation outlets at least 1.5 meters above the back of the chickens. If temperatures drop too quickly and heating systems fail, broilers may suffer from cold-related illnesses. To prevent this, ensure the house is well-sealed against drafts and maintain a consistent temperature.
At the start, the house should be kept at around 34.5–35°C before the chicks arrive. Once they are placed, the temperature should rise by 1–2°C. During the first week, aim for 35–36°C. At this stage, the birds should appear active, evenly distributed, and eating normally. Adjustments should be made based on the behavior of the flock—chicks huddling together or showing signs of discomfort indicate low temperatures, while panting or excessive drinking suggests it's too hot. By the second week, the temperature should gradually decrease to 30–32°C, then to 26–28°C by the third week, and finally stabilize at 23°C after that.
**2. Preventing Ammonia Buildup**
Ammonia buildup is a common problem in winter due to poor litter management and inadequate cleaning. Accumulated ammonia can lead to respiratory issues, reduced oxygen levels, and even ascites syndrome in fast-growing broilers. To reduce ammonia levels, keep the litter thick (at least 5 cm), avoid water leaks, and regularly remove damp or wet litter. Using deodorizers like ferrous sulfate, superphosphoric acid, or hydrated lime can also help lower ammonia concentration.
**3. Improving Feeding Practices**
Proper feeding is essential for broiler health. New chicks should be given clean water before food, especially after long-distance transport. Ensure the floor is dry and breathable—using tri-soil is preferable to cement. Control water supply to avoid increasing humidity. Choose high-quality, soft, and absorbent litter, such as wood shavings, and replace it regularly. Feed should be rich in energy but not too high in protein or fat. Avoid using salt in feed to prevent excess water intake and diarrhea. Adding vitamins or baking soda to water and feed can also help reduce stress and improve overall performance.
**4. Disease Prevention and Control**
Diseases often occur when broiler immunity is weakened. Follow strict vaccination schedules and use appropriate medications for prevention. Regular disinfection of the barns with non-toxic agents and maintaining good hygiene are key. If respiratory diseases occur, seek veterinary advice promptly and provide targeted treatments. Non-infectious respiratory issues, especially in 25-day-old broilers, are often caused by poor ventilation and dust. Increasing airflow while keeping the temperature stable and maintaining proper humidity levels (around 20% in the first week and 60% thereafter) can help prevent these problems.
By combining these strategies, farmers can significantly improve broiler health and productivity during the cold season.
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