In recent months, broiler farmers in Tangshan and Baoding have reported challenges in achieving optimal results during the autumn and winter seasons. Common issues include poor insulation, accumulation of harmful gases, and difficulties in disease control. Many farmers are seeking expert guidance to improve their management practices. In response, we have published a detailed article titled *"Autumn and Winter Broiler Rearing"* for the benefit of poultry farmers. We also emphasize that broiler management is a comprehensive process that requires attention to multiple factors beyond just ventilation and temperature control. Strengthening immunization programs, managing feed quality, and maintaining proper breeder care are equally important for improving overall productivity.
**1. Balancing Insulation and Ventilation**
As temperatures drop in autumn and winter, it becomes essential to maintain an ideal indoor environment for broilers. While keeping the house warm, proper ventilation is equally critical to ensure fresh air circulation and prevent the buildup of harmful gases. Sudden temperature fluctuations should be avoided, as they can stress the birds and increase the risk of respiratory diseases such as coughing, sneezing, and difficulty breathing. It's recommended to use high-level ventilation outlets—over 1.5 meters above the chicken back—to avoid cold drafts. If the temperature drops too quickly and heating systems cannot keep up, broilers may suffer from cold stress and related illnesses.
The chicken house should be well-sealed to prevent wind and cold air from entering. For broilers raised on open floors, thick litter should be used to help insulate the floor and maintain warmth. Litter should be regularly replaced, and windows should be opened for short periods during midday to allow fresh air in. Ventilation typically begins at 6 days of age, with gradual increases as the birds grow. The initial temperature inside the house should be around 34.5–35°C three days before the chicks arrive. Once the chickens are introduced, the temperature should be increased by 1–2°C. During the first week, the ideal temperature range is 35–36°C, ensuring the birds are active, evenly distributed, and eating normally. Temperature adjustments should be made based on bird behavior: if they huddle or show signs of discomfort, the temperature may be too low; if they pant or drink excessively, it may be too high. By the second week, the temperature should be gradually reduced to 30–32°C, then to 26–28°C by the third week, and finally stabilized at 23°C after that.
**2. Preventing Ammonia Buildup**
During colder months, improper cleaning of feces and damp litter can lead to ammonia gas accumulation, which can cause serious health issues like ammonia poisoning and respiratory diseases. Ammonia reduces oxygen levels, and combined with the cold, it can increase metabolic rates, especially in fast-growing broilers, leading to conditions like ascites. To reduce ammonia levels, litter should be kept at least 5 cm thick, and water leakage should be minimized to prevent wet litter. Excess moisture should be removed promptly, and ammonia-absorbing agents like ferrous sulfate, superphosphoric acid, copper sulfate, or hydrated lime can be used to lower concentrations.
**3. Enhancing Feeding Practices**
Proper feeding is crucial for broiler health. Before placing new chicks, the house must be thoroughly cleaned and disinfected. Chicks should be given access to clean water before food, especially after long-distance transport, to rehydrate them. For reluctant birds, gentle encouragement is necessary, but care must be taken to avoid crushing. Lighting should be controlled, and light sources should not be moved frequently. The floor should be made of breathable materials like tri-soil rather than concrete to keep it dry. Water should be provided in amounts slightly higher than feed consumption, but not in excess to avoid increasing litter humidity. Litter should be soft, dry, and free of mold, ideally made from wood shavings. Feed should be nutritionally balanced, with higher energy content to compensate for increased calorie needs in cold weather. Protein levels should be moderate, and feed should be free from contaminants to prevent respiratory issues. Avoid adding salt to the diet to prevent excessive drinking and diarrhea.
**4. Disease Prevention and Control**
Weakened immune systems in broilers make them more susceptible to diseases, especially respiratory infections. Vaccination schedules must be strictly followed, and regular disinfection of the house and equipment is essential. Empty houses should be fumigated with formalin, while spray disinfectants should be used for ongoing sanitation. When respiratory diseases occur, prompt veterinary diagnosis and treatment are necessary. Medications like anti-cough or asthma remedies can help reduce mortality due to breathing difficulties.
Broilers raised on slatted floors are particularly prone to non-infectious respiratory issues, especially around 25 days of age. These problems often stem from poor ventilation, dust, and inadequate humidity. To prevent this, maintain good air quality, keep humidity between 20% in the first week and 60% thereafter, and ensure the house stays above 21°C for older birds. Reducing stress and ensuring adequate feed intake will help improve immunity. Adding small amounts of antibiotics, vitamins, or baking soda to feed and water can further support the birds' health and reduce the effects of acidosis caused by breathing difficulties.
Fresh Frozen black crab
Black Crab,Frozen Black Crab,Fresh Black Crab,Fresh Frozen Black Crab
Zhoushan Junwei Aquatic Products Co., Ltd. , https://www.junweiaquatic-intl.com