During August and September, it's the ideal time to sow seeds. The natural temperatures are usually high, and occasional temperatures above 30°C may occur during the fruiting stage. However, once October arrives, the temperature gradually starts to drop. To ensure successful mushroom growth under both high and low temperature conditions, the selected strain must be resilient to heat and also capable of thriving in cooler environments. Varieties like National Pingliang and Qingfeng No. 1 possess these characteristics. Choosing the wrong type of strain for early autumn cultivation can lead to failure, so it's essential to be cautious when introducing new strains.
The fermentation and sterilization of culture materials must be strictly controlled. There are two main methods for cultivating *Pleurotus ostreatus*: fermented material cultivation and clinker cultivation. When using fermented material, the fermentation period should last at least four days. The internal temperature of the material pile needs to reach 65°C or higher, and the pile should be turned 2-3 times during this period to ensure even cooking and effective sterilization. In the case of clinker cultivation, sterilization should be maintained at 100°C for 8–12 hours, depending on the size of the sterilization chamber. Alternatively, an "induction-induced fermentation" technique can be used first, followed by high-temperature sterilization for better results. If the sterilization process is incomplete, the entire cultivation may fail.
Temperature control is a critical aspect of bacterial growth. For mattress-based cultivation, the first step is to ensure that the material thickness does not exceed 15 cm and the width of the bed does not go beyond 1.2 meters. A 20 cm wide ventilation ditch should be placed in the center of the bed to promote air circulation and help regulate the temperature of the substrate. Second, two-layer sowing is recommended to increase the seeding rate, allowing the mycelium to spread quickly through the material. Lastly, within the first 10 days after sowing, the temperature of the material should be monitored regularly. If it exceeds 32°C, immediate ventilation and cooling measures should be taken. Otherwise, the high temperature could cause the mycelium to burn, reduce its viability, and encourage the growth of harmful bacteria or pests, leading to lower yields or total failure.
For plastic bag cultivation, whether using clinker or fermented materials, the bags should be placed in a single layer with a 2 cm gap between them to allow proper air circulation. This helps maintain a consistent temperature of around 32°C inside the bags. It’s especially important to pay attention to the temperature when using fermented materials, as improper handling can significantly affect the outcome.
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