1. Cultivate Strong Seedlings: For spring cultivation, the recommended varieties include Japanese Snow-Capped Mountains and Swiss Snowballs. In autumn, suitable varieties are Japanese Snow-Capped Mountains, Dutch Snowballs, and Baifeng.
Nutrient Preparation: Cauliflower has a weak root system during germination, so it requires nutrient-rich soil that is well-draining and maintains sufficient moisture. When seedlings are transplanted, their young roots need to adapt, so the nutrient soil should have moderate viscosity to prevent secondary transplanting or root disturbance. To prepare the soil, mix 4 parts of non-cruciferous soil (not used for crucifer crops in the past 2-3 years), 4 parts of decomposed horse or chicken manure, and 2 parts of peat or stove slag. Add 2-3 kg of compound fertilizer and 10-20 grams of borax per cubic meter. For split seedlings, use 4 parts of decomposed manure and 6 parts of farmland soil to increase viscosity. If the soil is too heavy, increase the organic matter proportion. Add 3-5 kg of compound fertilizer and 20-40 grams of borax per cubic meter. After preparation, fill into pots or seedbeds and sow promptly. Once 3-4 true leaves appear, thin the seedlings. Spring seedlings are mainly transplanted and should be around 70 days old. In autumn, seedlings are grown during high temperatures, so shading, cooling, and weed control are important. Seedlings should be around 40 days old.
2. Apply Heavy Base Fertilizer and Timely Planting: To meet the nutrient and water needs of broccoli, choose fertile, loose loam with good water retention. Deep plowing to about 30 cm is recommended. Combine with well-decomposed organic fertilizer. In early spring, with a short open-field growing season, apply approximately 45,000 kg of organic fertilizer, 450 kg of compound fertilizer, 750 kg of wood ash, and 750 g of borax per hectare. If the soil lacks molybdenum, dissolve 150-300 g of ammonium molybdate in water and mix with organic fertilizer. Plant when the ground temperature is above 5°C in spring.
3. Smart Application of Side Dressing: After planting, water with diluted manure once, about 750 kg per hectare, to promote root and curd development. When the curd diameter reaches 3-5 cm, apply fertilizer. Keep the soil moist during bulb expansion, watering every 5-7 days. Apply 1,500 kg of cooked manure or excreta after each irrigation. Spray with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 0.05% borax, or 0.01% ammonium molybdate to prevent premature aging and improve yield and quality.
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