In several fishing ponds located in Qufu, Shandong Province, traditional fish species such as squid, tilapia, and grass carp were once commonly used. However, within a short period, the ponds experienced an overpopulation of young fish, leading to excessive oxygen production and subsequent fish diseases. This decline in water quality significantly reduced the hooking rate, discouraged anglers, and negatively impacted the overall efficiency of the fishing operation.
To address these issues, biological measures were introduced, including the stocking of filter-feeding fish, predatory species, and the cultivation of aquatic plants. These strategies not only improved water quality but also enhanced the angling experience and increased profitability. Here’s a detailed breakdown of the methods implemented:
First, the selection of fish species was expanded to include both filter feeders and predatory fish, which added variety and excitement for anglers. The inclusion of species like silver carp helped control algae growth by feeding on phytoplankton, while also maintaining healthy fish populations. The recommended stocking density for silver carp is 150 to 250 per acre, with each fish weighing over 100 grams. For catfish, the density is typically 20 to 30 per mu, with similar size requirements. This approach not only improves water clarity but also boosts income by more than 600 yuan per acre.
Second, predatory fish such as black bass, tilapia, and stingrays were introduced to manage the population of wild fish that often compete for space and oxygen. These aggressive species help reduce the number of unwanted fry, ensuring a better environment for target fish. Stocking rates for these predators can reach up to 30–50 fish per acre or 200–300 stingrays per acre, depending on pond size and conditions.
Third, gudgeon (head lice) were also introduced because they feed on fish eggs, helping to control the overpopulation of juvenile fish. A typical stocking rate is around 100 fish per mu, with each fish weighing over 50 kg for optimal results.
In addition to fish stocking, the cultivation of aquatic plants played a crucial role in improving water quality. Submerged plants like water chestnuts and black leaf algae absorb excess nutrients, regulate pH, and increase dissolved oxygen levels through photosynthesis. However, these should not be planted in ponds dominated by grass carp or catfish, as they may interfere with their feeding habits.
Floating plants such as water hyacinth, water lettuce, and water peanuts were also cultivated. These plants provide shade, reduce water temperature, and create natural hiding spots for fish, enhancing the angling experience. To prevent drifting, floating plants are often grown within a frame made of bamboo and anchored in place. Water peanuts are particularly adaptable and can even be grown on land.
Finally, proper feeding practices must be maintained after introducing aquatic plants. Fish should be fed daily at 1% of their total weight, with feeding locations and schedules carefully managed. The feed should be a mix of sinking pellets and a binder to form a compact mass. The bait provided to anglers should closely match the daily feed in composition and scent to ensure fish are familiar and interested.
All fish raised in the ponds are intended for capture, so regular monitoring and timely adjustments are essential. Species like head lice have strong breeding habits and high survival rates, so careful management of their numbers is necessary. Anglers should be informed about the specific techniques required for different fish species, and appropriate tackle and bait should be prepared accordingly. These combined efforts have led to a more sustainable, efficient, and enjoyable fishing environment.
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