The process of cultivating fine-scale bream fish involves growing summer fish species into larger wintering fish, typically reaching sizes of 6–9 cm. This method commonly combines pond cultivation during the summer season with wintering practices in later stages. The following details the key steps involved in this type of aquaculture.
**I. Pre-cultivation of Fish Fingerlings**
Fish fingerlings are initially raised in ponds before being transferred to wintering areas. This stage focuses on preparing young fish for the transition and ensuring their health and growth.
1. **Pond Conditions**: The ponds used for pre-cultivation are similar to those used for fry, usually ranging from 2 to 5 mu (about 1,300 to 3,300 square meters) with a water depth of 1.5 to 2.0 meters.
2. **Preparation Before Stocking**: A few days before stocking, the pond is cleaned, disinfected, and fertilized to enhance natural food availability. Organic compost and manure are applied to enrich the water, promoting a nutrient-rich environment for the fish.
3. **Stocking Density**: Stocking density depends on various factors such as fish size, pond size, water quality, and feed availability. Healthy, disease-free fingerlings with uniform size and good vitality are selected for optimal growth.
4. **Feeding Management**: Proper feeding is essential for rapid growth. Early-stage fish may be fed finely ground feed mixed with blood meal or other supplements, while larger fish are gradually introduced to pellet feeds. The protein content in the feed should be around 30%, with higher animal protein levels for younger fish that decrease as they grow.
5. **Feeding Techniques**: Feeding is done 2–3 times daily, with consistent timing and location. Fish are trained to gather at feeding stations, where pellets are distributed. The amount of feed is adjusted based on consumption rates and environmental conditions.
**II. Daily Management**
Water quality is the core of daily management. Regular monitoring helps detect changes early, ensuring a healthy environment for the fish.
1. **Pond Patrols**: Daily inspections in the morning and afternoon help track fish behavior and water color. Any signs of distress, such as floating heads, are addressed promptly.
2. **Water Quality Control**: Water is refreshed regularly, especially during hot seasons. Aerator use improves oxygen levels, preventing low dissolved oxygen and temperature fluctuations that can harm the fish.
3. **Disease Prevention**: Cleaning feeding platforms and disinfecting them periodically reduces disease risks. Removing weeds and waste from the pond also helps maintain hygiene.
**III. Wintering Preparation**
By mid-October, the fish reach 5–6 cm in size. As temperatures drop, feeding decreases, and the fish must be moved to wintering pools to avoid cold stress.
The transfer process involves stopping feeding for several days, netting the fish, and acclimating them through multiple nets and hanging boxes. Fish are then carefully sorted, disinfected, and moved to wintering ponds under favorable weather conditions.
Disinfection is done using methylene blue, potassium permanganate, or salt baths to prevent infections. Careful handling ensures minimal injury during the entire process.
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