China is a vast country with complex and diverse natural conditions. Its agricultural, forestry, and animal husbandry resources—such as climate, water, land, and biological resources—are not only unique in their characteristics and laws but also function as a unified system with shared traits and common principles. However, the various elements of these natural resources are interrelated and often mutually restrictive. Land, climate, and water resources, in particular, form an interconnected and constrained system. The climate is unpredictable: it may be dry when you need rain, or it may flood when you don’t want it. Long periods of drought can lead to severe water shortages, while sudden heavy rains can cause flooding and soil erosion. This issue affects regions like the Sanbei area and the Yellow River basin, which cover over 70% of the country's total area and involve about 20 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities.
In areas such as Northeast China, Northwest China, North China, and Southwest China, large tracts of land exist, with relatively high per capita arable land. However, most of these lands are dominated by plateaus, hills, and mountains, accounting for about 70%, with plains making up no more than 25%. A significant portion of the arable land is dryland, slope-cultivated, or low-yield farmland, covering around 60% of the total. These lands are often characterized by poor soil quality, limited water availability, and issues like desertification, salinization, and petrochemical degradation, making them unsuitable for traditional agriculture. Yet, they cannot be left unused, especially as China's population exceeds 1.5 billion, and food security remains a critical concern. Developing agriculture under these conditions requires efficient water use, and water-saving agriculture is the only viable path forward.
The government has recognized the importance of these areas and invested heavily in water infrastructure projects. Large-scale water conservancy efforts have been implemented, particularly in mountainous, loess plateau, and hilly regions in the north and northwest. Rainwater harvesting systems, including small reservoirs, ponds, and cisterns, have been built to collect and store rainwater for drinking, irrigation, and flood control. These structures help retain rainwater for later use, reduce sediment in downstream rivers, and prevent soil erosion. In mountainous areas, various types of rainwater collection systems have been installed to intercept moisture and supply water for both people and crops. Even in southern regions, where rainfall is more abundant, similar systems have been adopted to combat drought and support agroforestry.
Water is both precious and abundant, but in remote mountainous areas, it is challenging to implement large-scale irrigation systems. Most farmers rely on traditional methods, such as manual watering using gutters or cellars, which are inefficient. To address this, scientific and technological approaches must be adopted. The Ministry of Agriculture introduced the "soil testing and fertilization" initiative in 2005, recommending deep-fertilizer application. Among the tools recommended was the LYJ water-saving fertilizer gun from Zhangye, Gansu. This device quickly gained attention from officials, who conducted extensive research and evaluations. The LYJ gun is patented and recognized as a national key project in the Ninth Five-Year Plan. It is the first deep-fertilizer model recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture and represents a major breakthrough in water-saving agriculture.
Through years of research, experimentation, and innovation, a series of advanced techniques were developed, focusing on root irrigation, energy conservation, environmental protection, and increased production. These methods allow for precise water and nutrient delivery directly to the root zone of each plant. Compared to traditional irrigation methods, this technique significantly improves water and fertilizer efficiency. With this approach, chemical fertilizers and pesticides are used at 70% of the global leading level, saving 40-50% of inputs. Water usage is reduced by 80% compared to drip irrigation, making it one of the most efficient methods available.
The principle behind this technology is simple yet effective: by filling the root zone of a plant with a 2000-times diluted solution containing a drought-resistant water-retention agent, along with fertilizer and pesticide, a protective layer forms around the roots. This creates a sponge-like structure that retains moisture for up to 20 days, ensuring plants remain hydrated even during dry spells. The technology allows for a single cubic meter of water to irrigate an acre of land, a remarkable achievement in water-saving agriculture. If widely adopted across China’s mountainous regions, it could significantly boost productivity, reduce costs, and improve economic benefits for farmers.
The method involves using a water-saving fertilizer gun to deliver the solution directly to each plant’s root zone. With a 2-meter water level difference, the system operates efficiently, allowing one person to irrigate two acres per day. The process is fast, cost-effective, and durable, with minimal expenses. Farmers can save up to 150 yuan per acre, making it an attractive option for those in need. Governments should encourage its adoption, as it offers a practical solution to water scarcity and supports sustainable farming. This innovation has the potential to transform agriculture in China and beyond.
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