China has a vast territory with complex and diverse natural conditions. The country's agricultural, forestry, and animal husbandry resources—such as climate, water, land, and biological resources—possess unique characteristics and specific laws, while also functioning as a unified system with shared traits and common principles. However, these elements are interrelated and often influence one another, particularly land, climate, and water resources, which are closely linked and mutually restrictive.
Climate is unpredictable, often bringing drought when water is needed and heavy rainfall when it isn't. This imbalance leads to waterlogging and soil erosion, causing significant losses. For example, the Sanbei region and the Yellow River basin cover more than 70% of China’s total area, affecting around 20 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. In Northeast, Northwest, North, and Southwest China, large areas of land exist, with relatively high per capita arable land, but much of it is hilly or on plateaus, covering about 70%, while plains make up only around 25%. A significant portion of farmland is dryland, low-yield, or prone to degradation, making sustainable farming challenging.
With over 1.5 billion people, self-sufficiency in food is critical. Water-saving agriculture is essential for development, and the government has invested heavily in water infrastructure. Small reservoirs, ponds, and cisterns have been built in mountainous and plateau areas to collect rainwater for drinking and irrigation. These systems not only store water for dry periods but also help prevent soil erosion, reduce sediment in rivers, and improve water conservation.
In many remote areas, traditional irrigation methods are still used, such as manually channeling water from cellars. However, this is inefficient and cannot meet growing demands. Scientific solutions are urgently needed. In 2005, the Ministry of Agriculture promoted a new technology called the LYJ water-saving fertilizer gun, which was developed in Gansu Zhangye. This device allows precise root irrigation, significantly improving water and fertilizer efficiency.
The technology involves injecting a 2000-times diluted solution of drought-resistant agents, fertilizers, and pesticides directly into the root zone of each plant. This method increases fertilizer and pesticide absorption by up to 70%, reduces water use by 80% compared to drip irrigation, and ensures plants can survive without water for up to 20 days. It forms a moisture-retaining layer around the roots, preventing evaporation and enabling efficient water reuse.
The process is simple: water from a cistern or tank is mixed with the solution and delivered through a specialized gun. One person can irrigate two acres a day, making it far more efficient than traditional methods. The equipment is low-cost, durable, and easy to use, offering farmers a practical and affordable solution. If widely adopted, this technology could greatly enhance agricultural productivity and economic benefits across China.
Governments at all levels should promote and support its use, ensuring that even the poorest farmers can benefit from this innovative approach to water-saving agriculture.
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