During the early rice seedling stage, temperature fluctuations and frequent cold waves create an unstable environment that can hinder germination and healthy growth. This unpredictable weather increases the risk of various seedbed diseases that differ from those affecting water-seeded rice. As a result, it is crucial to focus on early identification and effective management of these diseases to ensure strong and healthy seedlings.
Dry seedling cultivation, which involves mulching and controlled moisture levels, can promote the occurrence of rice blast due to the warm and humid conditions under the film. Additionally, dry and acidic soils in the seedbeds may increase the severity of the disease. When seedlings grow in dry soil, their ability to absorb water-soluble silicates is reduced, leading to lower accumulation of silicic acid in the epidermal cells, which weakens their resistance to pathogens. Moreover, the lush green growth of dry seedlings makes them more susceptible to rice blast. To prevent this, it's essential to properly treat the seeds before planting. Soaking seeds in 0.5-1% lime water or using a 300-fold dilution of strong chlorine solution for sterilization is recommended. After soaking for 12 hours, rinse the seeds and then immerse them in the solution for another 12 hours. Once the seedlings emerge and leafhoppers appear, remove the mulch and spray 50-75 grams of 20% tricyclazole wettable powder per acre to effectively control the disease.
In the early stages, yellow (white) disease often appears, characterized by thin, pale, and tender leaves, with new growth showing a lighter color. Two main causes are low temperatures after exposure and nutrient deficiencies, especially iron deficiency, which affects chlorophyll production. If the condition is due to cold stress, the seedlings may recover as temperatures rise. Using Dry Yuyu No. 1 diluted 600-800 times can help restore green color within 2-3 days. Spraying ferrous sulfate also proves beneficial in such cases.
Another common issue is the yellowing of seedlings caused by drought or uneven fertility. Symptoms include yellowing starting at the tips of young leaves, gradually spreading toward the base, with a slight reddish-orange hue. New leaves may develop slowly but remain normally colored. Although the plants do not typically die, they tend to become dry. The key to managing this disease is proper fertilization, timely watering, and adding appropriate amounts of potassium to prevent blight.
Rhizoctonia, a fungal disease, affects young shoots and roots, causing browning, distortion, and rotting. Affected seedlings may show dark white roots with yellow-brown necrosis, soft and brown stems, and curled, wilted heart leaves. A moldy layer may appear at the base of the plant, and the disease often occurs in clusters. It is commonly classified into two types: blue-green and dry-yellow. Monitoring the tip of the leaves for dew is essential. If no dew is present, it may indicate an impending outbreak. Immediate treatment with 65% Dukesson WP is advised, mixed with a small amount of water to form a paste, then diluted thoroughly. Avoid mixing with alkaline pesticides during application.
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