Summer is a critical period for fish growth due to the abundance of bait and high feeding activity. However, the high temperatures during this season also bring several challenges. When water temperatures exceed 33°C, many fish lose their appetite and grow at a slower rate. Therefore, proper feeding and management are essential in intensive aquaculture systems.
First, selecting high-quality feed is crucial. Protein is the most important nutrient for fish growth, and the protein content of feed directly affects its quality. During summer, when fish grow rapidly, it's important to choose feeds with appropriate protein levels. Feeds with higher protein can be used more frequently, while those with lower protein should be supplemented carefully. It's advisable to purchase full-coverage compound feeds from reputable manufacturers to ensure balanced nutrition and scientific formulation. If using fresh bait like small fish or shrimp, make sure they are safe, non-toxic, and suitable for the fish’s taste. To prevent contamination, disinfect the feed with chlorine dioxide or potassium permanganate before use.
Second, timing your feedings is key. In summer, weather conditions can change rapidly, so it's best to feed when dissolved oxygen levels are highest. Feed schedules should be adjusted based on water temperature:
- Below 20°C: Feed once daily, preferably in the morning around 9 AM.
- 20–25°C: Feed twice daily—once at 8 AM and again at 5 PM.
- 25–30°C: Feed three times daily—at 8 AM, 2 PM, and 6 PM.
- Above 30°C: Feed once daily, ideally at 9 AM.
Third, controlling the amount of feed is equally important. When water temperatures rise above 30°C, fish may eat more, but it's essential to monitor feed quality and avoid leftovers that could pollute the water. Adjust feeding amounts based on weather, water quality, and fish behavior. For example, during prolonged rain, reduce feeding by about 30% to prevent waste and water degradation. In hot weather, consider reducing or even stopping feeding temporarily. Use compound feed as the main source, supplement with green feed, and keep the number of feedings low—typically 2–3 times per day. Feeding at a fixed location helps monitor fish consumption and maintain consistency.
Fourth, the feeding method matters. During high temperatures, follow these guidelines: feed according to standard rates (3–4% of total fish weight), adjust feeding based on species, observe the feeding duration (ideally 1–2 hours), and check the water color. Clear, oily green or yellow-brown water with a transparency of about 30 cm indicates good water quality. If the water becomes too clear (>40 cm), increase feeding; if it's too dark (<20 cm), reduce or stop feeding. Also, avoid overfeeding all at once, and instead use a slow-fast-slow rhythm with smaller portions to improve efficiency.
Fifth, proper feed storage is vital. Store feed in dry, well-ventilated areas, at least 30 cm off the ground and away from walls. Protect it from moisture and direct sunlight during transport. Always check the expiration date and avoid using outdated feed, as it may lack nutrients and harm fish health.
Lastly, effective aquaculture management includes maintaining water quality, promoting healthy practices, preventing diseases, managing fish population, and conducting regular pond inspections. Regularly replace water every 7–10 days, add 15–20 cm of new water each time, and use aerators to maintain oxygen levels. Apply lime periodically to regulate pH and improve water clarity. Monitor fish behavior closely, treat illnesses promptly, and ensure proper stocking density to avoid oxygen depletion. Conduct routine checks in the morning and evening to detect issues early and take corrective actions. Prevent floods, droughts, and theft to ensure the safety and success of your aquaculture operation.
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