Cotton wool is a common pest that affects cotton plants. The mites feed on the leaf tissue or the head of the cotton plant, causing damage. Affected leaves curl backward and excrete a sticky, oily substance called honeydew, which often leads to mold growth. Infested plants become stunted, with smaller leaves, fewer leaves, shorter roots, delayed bud formation, and reduced boll production.
To control cotton wool, seeds can be treated with formazan. Mix 15% of 75% inulin phosphate with 100 kg of dry cotton seeds and pour 50 liters of warm water (55°C–60°C) into the seed tank. Stir well until the mixture is fully absorbed, then let it sit for 24 hours before planting. Other methods include spraying phoxim or omethoate, and using dichlorvos fumigation to eliminate the pests.
Red bell is another pest that causes significant damage to cotton. It attacks buds, flowers, and green bolls. The larvae bore into the buds, creating large holes and destroying them. Some flower buds fall off, while others remain but fail to develop properly, leading to twisted petals and poor flowering. In green bolls, the larvae enter from the base, forming irregular bumps inside the shell. These damaged bolls are prone to rotting during rain, and the inner seeds may be eaten, leaving empty shells with wormholes.
For red bell control, chemical treatments like hydrofluoride chrysanthemum (2.5% active ingredient at 0.5–1 gram per mu), kungfu chrysanthemum (1 gram per gram), and carbaryl diluted at 1:50 are effective.
Bollworms are one of the most destructive pests in cotton fields. The second generation damages young shoots, causing malformed leaves and stopping the growth of the main stem. This results in a "public cotton" condition, where the plant becomes tall and unproductive. The larvae also eat the leaves, flowers, and buds, leading to poor fruit development.
The third and fourth generations attack the bolls, creating entry holes and leaving frass near the openings. Damaged bolls often rot in the rain and fall off, while some remain but are unable to produce viable cotton.
Control measures include agricultural practices such as using poplar branches to trap moths, tying belts around maize and sorghum to prevent movement, and proper field management to reduce population density. Biological control involves applying microbial pesticides and encouraging natural predators like Trichogramma wasps, ladybugs, spiders, and other beneficial insects.
Chemical control options include 25% Bromohydrogen Chrysanthemum diluted 1000–1500 times, phoxim, dichlorvos, 40% Huifeng No.1 Emulsion (50 ml/mu), 25% fast killing spirit (60 ml/acre), 4.5% cypermethrin, and 50% phoxim EC. These should be applied promptly after hatching to ensure effective control.
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