Cotton wool is a common pest that affects cotton plants. These mites feed by inserting their mouthparts into the leaf tissue or the head of the plant, sucking out the sap. Infected leaves curl inward and produce a sticky, oily substance called honeydew, which often leads to the growth of mold. As the infestation progresses, the plants become stunted, with smaller leaves, fewer foliage, shortened roots, delayed flowering, reduced number of buds, and later development of bolls.
To control cotton wool, seeds can be treated with formazan. Mix 15% of 75% inulin phosphate with 100 kg of dry cotton seeds and pour 50 liters of warm water (55°C–60°C) into the seed tank. After mixing thoroughly, let the seeds absorb the solution for 24 hours before sowing. Other methods include spraying phoxim or omethoate, and using dichlorvos smoke to kill the mites effectively.
Red bell, another pest, causes significant damage to cotton plants. It attacks buds, flowers, and green bolls. The larvae bore into the buds from the top, leaving large holes and causing the buds to fall off. Some remain on the plant but fail to develop properly, resulting in deformed petals and adhesion. In green bolls, the larvae enter from the base, creating irregular swellings inside the shell. As the boll matures, the larvae invade the seeds, leading to rotting during rain and the formation of hard, unproductive bolls. Seeds are also affected, as the kernels are eaten, leaving behind empty shells with wormholes.
For red bell control, chemical treatments such as 2.5% hydrofluoride chrysanthemum (0.5–1 gram per mu), kungfu chrysanthemum (1 gram per liter), and 1:50 dilution of carbaryl are effective.
Bollworms are among the most destructive pests in cotton fields. During the second generation (berry bell stage), the larvae damage the growing tips of the plant, causing leaf deformation and stopping the growth of the main stem. This results in a "public cotton" appearance, where long, non-productive stalks grow instead of branches. The young leaves are eaten, creating small holes, while the larvae hide inside the plant and feed on the inner parts. Damaged buds fall off quickly, and flower structures like stamens and styles are damaged, preventing proper pollination.
In the third and fourth generations (bell period), the larvae bore into the base of the bolls, leaving excrement near the entrance. Most of the larvae are visible outside the boll, and the damaged bolls often develop mold, fall off in the rain, or become hard and unproductive.
Control measures include agricultural practices such as using poplar branches to attract moths, tying belts around maize and sorghum to trap larvae, and managing the field to reduce population density. Biological control involves applying microbial pesticides and protecting natural enemies like Trichogramma wasps, ladybugs, spiders, and other predators that help control the bollworm population.
Chemical control options include 25% bromohydrogen chrysanthemum diluted 1000–1500 times, phoxim, and dichlorvos at 1000 times concentration. Other options include 40% Huifeng No.1 emulsion (50 ml/mu), 25% fast killing spirit (60 ml/acre), 4.5% cypermethrin, and 50% phoxim EC. These should be applied promptly after hatching to ensure effective control.
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