First, preparing nutrient-rich soil. Mix 60% garden soil with 40% decomposed organic manure, or alternatively use a combination of 30% decomposed organic manure and 10% plant ash. To enhance fertility, add 0.2% diammonium phosphate or mix 1 cubic meter of soil with 1 kg of superphosphate. Before use, thoroughly mix the soil with a solution of thiophanate-methyl diluted at 800 times. This helps prevent fungal diseases and ensures a healthy growing environment for the seeds.
Second, preparing the seedbeds. If electricity is available, install electric heating cables at 100 watts per square meter to maintain optimal warmth. Fill the seedbeds with nutrient-rich soil, ensuring that it's packed tightly and neatly. The soil should be about 80% nutrient soil, providing a solid base for the seeds to grow.
Third, seed treatment. On sunny days, expose the seeds to sunlight for 2-3 days to improve germination. Then, soak them in a carbendazim solution diluted to 500-600 times for about an hour. After rinsing, place the seeds in water heated to 50°C-55°C for 3-4 hours. This process helps eliminate pathogens and stimulates faster germination.
Fourth, germination. Place the soaked seeds on a damp cloth and keep them in a warm area between 25°C and 30°C. Check regularly and when about 80% of the seeds have sprouted, they are ready to be sown.
Fifth, sowing. Water the seedbed thoroughly before planting. Carefully place the germinated seeds into individual holes, then cover them with 1-1.5 cm of finely sifted soil. Finally, cover the bed with a plastic sheet to retain moisture. Once the seedlings emerge, remove the plastic film to avoid overheating and potential damage to young plants.
Sixth, managing the seedbed. From sowing until the first signs of growth, maintain daytime temperatures around 30°C and nighttime temperatures no lower than 20°C. After emergence, gradually reduce the temperature to about 25°C during the day and 14°C-16°C at night. Once the true leaves appear, adjust the temperature to 22°C-25°C during the day and 13°C-15°C at night. Seven days before transplanting, start hardening off the seedlings by exposing them to cooler temperatures to build resilience.
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