Low-pressure superficial irrigation technology is a revolutionary approach in agricultural water management, designed to optimize water and nutrient use while improving crop health and yield. This system, which holds a national patent, features a needle irrigation mechanism that ensures efficient and targeted delivery of water directly to the root zone of plants.
**I. Why is the low-pressure superficial "infiltrant" highly resistant to clogging?**
The infiltrator and water channel are enclosed within the infiltration needle, making them less likely to be blocked by sediment from external sources. The needle is inserted into the soil at a depth of 2 cm, ensuring that water is delivered directly to the roots rather than evaporating or forming scale. Even if clogging occurs, the needle can be quickly removed, allowing for immediate cleaning and repair in just a few seconds. This design eliminates the need for extensive water purification, making it ideal for regions with high mineralization and frequent clogging issues.
**II. Why is low-pressure superficial infiltration the most water-efficient irrigation method available?**
Compared to traditional methods like sprinkler and drip irrigation, this system significantly reduces water loss due to evaporation and runoff. It delivers water directly to the root zone, keeping the surface dry and minimizing moisture loss. For example, flood irrigation typically uses over 60 cubic meters per acre, while this system only requires 2–4 cubic meters. In greenhouses, crops often require only tens of milliliters per day, with larger plants needing a few hundred milliliters. This precision not only conserves water but also improves efficiency, saving up to 30–40% compared to drip irrigation.
**III. How does low-pressure superficial irrigation reduce disease and improve crop quality in greenhouses?**
High humidity and excess moisture in greenhouses create an ideal environment for pathogens such as root nematodes, gray mold, and powdery mildew. Traditional irrigation methods increase humidity, promoting disease spread. Low-pressure infiltration keeps the soil surface dry, reducing humidity and limiting the spread of fungal and bacterial infections. This leads to fewer pesticide applications—often more than 50% less—and results in healthier, higher-quality produce with lower chemical residue.
**IV. Why does low-pressure superficial irrigation help reduce greenhouse humidity and increase temperature?**
By delivering water directly to the root zone, the surface remains dry, significantly lowering humidity levels inside the greenhouse. This helps control disease and reduces the need for excessive ventilation. Additionally, the reduced evaporation minimizes heat loss, raising the greenhouse temperature by an average of 2–3°C. This warmer environment promotes faster growth, with crops maturing 1–7 days earlier and yields increasing by 20–30%.
**V. How does low-pressure superficial irrigation boost production and farmer income?**
In addition to reducing disease and increasing temperature, this system enhances crop yield and quality. By optimizing water and nutrient delivery, farmers can achieve higher productivity with less input. The combination of increased yield, reduced labor, and lower costs makes this technology a valuable investment for sustainable farming.
**VI. Why does low-pressure superficial irrigation save fertilizer?**
Traditional fertilization methods have low efficiency, with only about 30% of applied nutrients being absorbed by plants. With this system, soluble fertilizers are dissolved in water and delivered directly to the root zone, improving nutrient uptake and reducing waste. This not only saves over 50% of fertilizer but also protects soil structure and reduces the risk of root nematode infestations.
**VII. Why is low-pressure superficial irrigation energy-efficient?**
This system operates at a low pressure—typically 2–10 meters of water column—which drastically reduces energy consumption. Compared to drip irrigation, which requires higher pressure, this method uses significantly less power, making it a cost-effective and environmentally friendly solution.
**VIII. How does low-pressure superficial irrigation prevent soil compaction?**
Excessive use of chemical fertilizers can disrupt the soil's aggregate structure, leading to compaction. By reducing fertilizer application and delivering water and nutrients precisely, this system minimizes damage to soil structure, maintaining its fertility and long-term usability.
**IX. Why does low-pressure superficial irrigation reduce labor requirements?**
Once installed, the system can be operated with minimal manual intervention. Farmers can turn on the system and let it run until harvest, saving up to 70% of irrigation labor. The targeted watering also suppresses weed growth, reducing the need for weeding and herbicides.
**X. Why should fertilizer application be reduced in low-pressure superficial irrigation?**
Traditional fertilization methods often lead to over-application, which can harm crops and waste resources. With this system, only a fraction of the usual fertilizer is needed, as it is delivered directly to the roots where it’s most effective. Over-fertilization can burn plants, so precise dosing is crucial.
**XI. Why is overwatering harmful in greenhouses?**
Excess water can promote the spread of pathogens through runoff and increase humidity, creating conditions favorable for diseases like root nematodes. Precision irrigation prevents these issues by delivering the right amount of water directly to the roots, reducing the risk of infection and improving plant health.
**XII. Why does partial watering under the crop's root zone promote better growth?**
Targeted irrigation encourages strong root development around the infiltration point, allowing plants to absorb water and nutrients more efficiently. Overwatering, on the other hand, can lead to oxygen deprivation and anaerobic respiration, which harms plant growth. This system ensures that crops receive just enough water without causing stress.
**XIII. How does low-pressure superficial irrigation increase land use efficiency?**
By reducing disease and preventing soil compaction, this system allows for continuous planting without the need for fallow periods. It also reduces the need for tilling and field preparation, increasing land utilization by 5–7% on average.
**XIV. Why is soil fertility better utilized with low-pressure superficial irrigation?**
Unlike deep subsurface irrigation, which pushes water and nutrients too far down, this system keeps them in the upper soil layers where they are most accessible to plant roots. This maximizes the use of fertile topsoil and improves overall crop yield.
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