China's tea safety issues frequently reported that 98% of tea plants are spraying pesticides

Washed and washed, Chinese tea "a bowl of throat-smoothing, two bowls of broken sorrows, three bowls of intestines, only five thousand volumes..."

These sloppy, super-sweeping sentences are a tribute to Chinese tea. Today, these words that you are about to read are very likely to bring about bitterness.

Chinese tea is being scrutinized around the world. Regardless of whether it is attributed to "trade protection" or condemnation of "double standards," before filling with righteous indignation, we should first of all make clear what is happening in the controversial Chinese tea.

It's indispensable to make rice, salt, and vinegar. After all, the Chinese who drink the most Chinese tea are Chinese.

Is China tea safe?

The introduction of the topic into the "EU trade barriers dispute" still fails to dispel the worries of the people who are suffering from the "chemical periodic table" baptism. They also hope to get answers to the following questions: Will tea spray pesticides? Is the pesticide residue exceedingly severe? What kind of tea is safe to drink?

This year's Yongqiao Market, Tie Guanyin even suffered heavy losses. International environmental organizations have not yet passed on the persistent occurrence of pesticide residues in tea. Recently, they have also exposed rare earths exceeding the standard.

“The price of Tieguanyin was a mess. At the place of origin, last year, a tea of ​​100 yuan per kilogram was sold for only 60-70 yuan. In the past two years, the number of laborers rose very sharply. In particular, the daily wage of tea picking has risen to 120 in Anxi. -150 yuan, up 10%-20% year-on-year, and the farmers have all lost out. More importantly, the total purchase volume of the entire Yongqiao has decreased by 30%. Not only us but also friends and villagers all over the country have reported that sales are The decline, especially in the northwest and northeastern cities will drop even more.” The largest distributor of Luqiao Market, the CEO of Luyuan Tea Industry Co., Ltd., told the reporter.

Since the 1980s, Yanqiao, located on the east side of Fanchang County, Anhui Province, has been the leader of the domestic pure wholesale tea market, and has been hailed as “the first tea market in the south of Yangtze River”. Billions of sales a year, green tea accounted for half of the country, Tie Guanyin's oolong tea series accounted for about 15%, jasmine tea accounted for 10%, black tea, Pu'er accounted for 5%, and the rest is a number of flower substitute tea.

From the end of the stalls all the way to go, all households are busy in the tea to do the final "beauty work" - tea stems, and no one got up to show off, of course, there is no customer to inquiry. On the samples set out in the open air, the "Tie Guan Yin" sign may still be visible. This is different from other domestic retail-oriented tea markets. Every year after the Spring Festival season, when the spring tea is launched, dealers across the country come here to see the goods. Then they don't need to come again this year. They just need to make a phone call and they will be able to deliver the goods. This year, despite the fact that Anxi's suppliers in the upper reaches of Handan Bridge are nourishing their skin, they are afraid to purchase more goods and worry that the downstream will not buy it – the market is the last word.

Tie Guanyin’s experience is only the tip of China's tea safety issue. In the repeated detection of pesticide residues and heavy metals, not only the Wulong series, but also the green tea, flower tea, and Taiwanese Pu'er tea have all hit the arrows. The tea issue is also a non-fresh topic in the entire Chinese food safety. “The amount of vegetables and fruits that are imported every day is much higher than that of tea. If you can't drink tea, what else can you eat?” Qiangshan asked.

98% of tea trees are sprayed with pesticides in China. The significance of tea is no exception. It is closely related to the lives of the people. It is one of the seven things to open the door: "Chemistry, tea, salt, vinegar, tea, vinegar, tea, tea"; Lu Tong has a poem: "A bowl of throat kiss, two bowls of broken lonely, three bowls search dried sausage, only the text of 5,000 volumes.

The four bowls made light sweats. Five bowls of bones and bones, six bowls of commonwealth. The seven bowls must not be eaten. ”

The silkworms of the silkworms, a piece of scorpion scorpion, are forgetting the dust mounds, the supernatural powers of the earth, and listening to the ears and saying, "Be careful, the peasants!" !

In fact, the topic of tea pesticide residues and excessive heavy metals was not the first time that the Chinese people had gone into sight. However, it has never been like the “Greenpeace” report released on April 11th. In the era of microblogging, it has caused such a high degree of public concern. Local governments, tea growers, and tea traders are in pain.

Wang Hao is the director of the Greenpeace Food and Agriculture Project. From December 2011 to January 2012, Wang Hao and his companions successively purchased Wu Yutai, Zhang Yiyuan, China Tea, Tianfu Tea, Richun, Bama, Emeishan Zhuyeqing, and Royal Tea Garden in Beijing, Chengdu and Haikou. And nine tea brands including Hainan Nongken Baisha green tea and 18 kinds of teas, covering green tea, oolong tea and jasmine tea, cost between 60 and 1,000 yuan a pound. In order to ensure the authenticity of the tea brand, the purchased teas come from the shop window, and they are checked according to the bar code on the tea box. Subsequently, these samples were sent to a third-party professional laboratory for the detection of pesticide residues. The results showed that tea samples "have at least 3 kinds of pesticide residues, and the total number of pesticides detected was as high as 29 kinds. Six of them contained more than 10 kinds of pesticide residues, but Richun 803 Tieguanyin contained as many as 17 kinds of pesticide residues." . What is even more worrying is that 11 teas such as Biluochun, Zhang Yiyuan, and Wu Yutai’s jasmine tea were detected in the Tianfu Tea, which contained the official regulations of Medan, which were not allowed to be used in tea, by the Ministry of Agriculture. Tieguanyin was detected for endosulfan, which was also banned on tea plants. The white sand green tea of ​​the Hainan farmland has detected that as early as 2002, the country banned the use of fenvalerate in tea plants.

“I went to Wuyi Mountain at the end of April. When crossing through the canyon of Dahongpao Scenic Area, I saw the tea farmers playing pesticides in an imposing manner. At that time, I didn’t feel anything. But when I saw Greenpeace’s report on pesticide residues, I learned that we’re drinking now. Tea leaves are insecure," said an Internet company director who loves tea.

"Only knowing that tea can detoxify, I did not expect that drinking tea has become a poison." An old tea guest also feels panic. Afternoon tea has become an integral part of her life. Although the tea purchased on weekdays is expensive, at least over a thousand yuan per catty, she frankly stated that she is not sure about whether the residue of pesticides exceeds the standard, and family members are not assured. Helplessly, Ms. Liu had no choice but to drink boiled water, or tossed hard, and asked her friends to buy tea from Taiwan and abroad. Around her, there is such a circle of tea people who only buy tea for export, or small teas made by their relatives and friends on Dasan, and industrialized tea in the mainland does not touch. "Foreign imported tea has never been like a domestic company collecting tea, but it is entirely based on the metaphor of 'eat, smell, check, and see', but it is directly required to 'pesticide testing report for tea agricultural products' and 'heavy metal content test report'. Not only must these two reports be viewed, but it must also be the report of more than 30 testing agencies with global capabilities for simultaneous detection. In China, apart from several international testing agencies, the only one that has been recognized by the world is the tea pesticides testing agency. There is only the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences.I think this makes sense.The China at the tip of the tongue has recently been criticized, and there is also a voice that the producer is ignoring the hormones of food ingredients, fertilizers, and pesticides exceeding the standards, and the proliferation of additives. Therefore, drinking tea, especially tea exported to the European Union and Japan, is still relatively safe. This is no way."

Although the China Tea Circulation Association came out to fight fire at the first time, in response to the Greenpeace report, said: “All tea samples tested meet existing national standards and are the result of fighting between European and national standards.” But the topic was introduced into the “EU trade barriers”. "Dispute" still fails to dispel the worries of the people who are suffering from the "Chemical Elemental Periodic Table" baptism. They also hope to get answers to the following questions: Will tea spray pesticides? Is the pesticide residue exceedingly severe? What kind of tea is safe to drink?

"Pesticides, spraying or not spraying, this is not a problem.

Because as long as you are a motivated peasant, or if your tea tree is not a big tree or a mountain, it must be sprayed. A veteran of the tea industry said categorically.

Studies have shown that up to 70% of losses can be caused by crop pests and weeds. Tea trees are said to have more tropical and subtropical climates, and require higher humidity during the growth period. However, this environment is most suitable for the survival of various insects and insect fungi. The tea tree shoots from the tender shoots to various parts of the bottom are pest foods. The reporter interviewed tea farmers in many tea regions in China and basically had no objection on this issue. The data from the Organic Tea Research and Development Center of the Tea Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences also demonstrated this statement: At present, the national organic tea production only accounts for 1%-2% of the total tea production. In other words, 98% of tea leaves are resistant to fungi and insecticides during the cultivation process. Organic tea is not really "organic," but there is still a question mark.

Tieguanyin and Huachao bear the brunt of pesticides. There are also costs, and people are required to fight drugs and spend money. A tea planter told reporters: “For tea growers, surely they can’t fight if they can't fight. But as long as there are pests and diseases that affect his economic efficiency, it’s not necessary. Generally speaking, spring tea is better than Summer and autumn tea, green tea is better than Tie Guanyin."

The reporter arrived in a green tea plantation in Zhejiang in early May and saw that more than a dozen tea farmers had just finished pruning their tea trees. After checking the laps of the tea plantation owners, they asked them: “The next time you cut them deeper.”

In the Guinan and Guibei tea regions in Guangxi, the pruning after spring tea is mostly light pruning, which can maintain a high degree of canopy, and the sprouts can be re-emerged after cutting to restore the normal production of tea. The boss said that he chose to prune and prune because he only picks spring tea and does not make summer or autumn tea.

According to Junjun, who has researched the planting of tea plants, “In the tea fields in Ningbo, for example, the insects before the Ching Ming have not yet come out. When the weather becomes warmer, the insects eat out and eat, and anyway, picking up sprouts in the coming year. Generally do not use summer and autumn tea, summer and autumn tea tree branches cut down by the brick tea factory to take away as a brick tea raw materials, 2 cents per catty is not, many teahouse owners prefer to shop them in the tea garden as fertilizer.The price is too cheap, two They do not like to see their own tea is made of inferior brick tea, but green tea also has summer and autumn tea.If you want to collect summer and autumn tea, there is no way to cure pests. Every year in May and June is the season when insects begin to mate. They have to eat a lot of stuff before they can reproduce large numbers of offspring. Without spraying, the leaves are wormholes. How are they processed?"

Bai Tingting of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, in his Master's thesis "Anxiong Oolong Tea Pesticide Residue Law and the Origin of Rare Earth Pollution," the five major tea production areas of Anxi County (Huqiu, Xiping, Jingu, Gande and Xianghua) and the summer of 2009 Seasonal, autumn and spring 2010 tea samples of the four seasons of pesticide residues were studied, the results also show that: the detection rate of the four seasons pesticides ranked in order: summer> autumn> summer season> spring.

Why did Tieguanyin and Jasmine tea become the "hardest hit areas" in previous pesticide inspections?

Yu Jun thinks that Tie Guanyin repeatedly hits the arrow because of high output. “The high-yield must be relatively high in temperature and relatively fast in growth. In hot climates, there are certainly many insects. Without pesticides and fertilizers, it is impossible to guarantee the quality and yield of fresh leaves.”

Tieguanyin has been harvested all year round since it was stir-fried. There is even more of a saying that "Year of the year lies in autumn." The spring and autumn savory fragrance means that the fresh leaves of the spring tea have a large amount of moisture, and the consumption of water is not enough, so most of the aromas are not light enough. The pursuit of high fragrance, only autumn tea. In summer and autumn tea, there are relatively more pesticide residues. In addition, the cheap Tieguanyin on the market is basically summer tea where pesticides are more likely to be left over.

In Fujian, the hills that grow tea trees are generally bare, except for neat rows of low-rise tea bushes.

Not only are there few other tree species, even "grassiness" - the herbicides are widely used by tea growers in order not to compete with weeds. “Over-exploitation of Fujian’s tea gardens, fewer and fewer forests, and increasingly fragile ecosystems have caused pests to proliferate and become more and more difficult to control. This is why it is sometimes impossible to control pests without adding highly toxic pesticides. One of the master students at the Faculty of Agriculture, who has conducted special research on the use of pesticides in Fujian tea gardens.

As for flower tea, it is notorious for old Beijingers to love jasmine tea. It is said that this is because the Empress Dowager Cixi most love to smoke jasmine double smoked, on the good, it will be effective. However, in the industry, Jasmine tea is also notorious for its excessive pesticide residue.

“The jasmine tea tea biscuits are from Fujian, Yunnan, Guangxi, Hubei, Hunan, and Anhui. I used to do jasmine tea, and they used spring tea from Anhui. Even if they hit pesticides in the summer of the first year, a winter After cooling down, the pesticide residue will be a little lower, and the detection has never found any problem, but the jasmine tea in Anhui is not as bleachy as the jasmine tea in Fujian, and the ordinary people like to have a whitish, good-looking appearance. Most of them are summer and autumn teas, and 70% of the jasmine flower blanks used for brewing are now sourced from the market in Hengxian, Guangxi, and then processed by jasmine fields, as are jasmine teas by Zhang Yiyuan and Wu Yutai. The flowers were mined in May, the best of which was from June to August and the three months. During this time, the weather was the hottest with the largest number of insects, and the flowers were the most attractive to insects. Once the source of the green tea and billets was not controlled Well, the pesticide residue doubled, the detection of jasmine tea certainly ranked first.” A tea dealer in southern Fujian told reporters.

High toxicity pesticide ban = waste paper?

Although as long as it is a tea tree, most of them may be sprayed with pesticides. However, if a netizen on the Shell spoke to him, “Anything that puts aside the dose of harm is a rogue!”

Pesticide residues, and pesticides exceeding the standards, are two completely different concepts; the detection of residues is not the same as unsafe tea.

According to the Tea Association and related experts, the banned pesticides found on the green tea submitted for inspection were left in the soil decades ago.

However, the reporter found in Wu Ruijin's article “Municipal Tea Production Status and Development Ideas in Mingxi County” of the Agricultural Bureau of Mingxi County in Fujian Province. “Some tea gardens in Mingxi County have excessive use of chemical fertilizers and high residual chemical pesticides. ."

"The detection of banned pesticides, attributed to soil residues, is actually nonsense. For example, such highly toxic pesticides as carbofuran are used in the soil itself, and carbofuran is very hazardous, and it is planted after 10 years of spraying. Mulberry leaves poison the dead silkworms.The phenomenon of using highly toxic pesticides in tea trees does exist.There is no way, you can't use those summer and autumn teas that have been harvested for several seasons a year, otherwise the leaves must have wormholes, which will seriously affect the yield and quality. "Jun Jun said.

However, tea trees generally hit pesticides once in a matter of ten days and finished in half an hour. This has brought great difficulties to media investigations. Even if it happens every day or happens to meet with tea farmers spraying, it can not explain the other party's tea pesticide residue exceeded, not to mention that he sprayed the ban on highly toxic pesticides. To make sure that someone is committing a crime, you must seize the pesticide bottle used by the tea farmer.

At the time of the visit, it was a time of turbulence in the tea industry. I do not know if it is not to avoid the tide, in the past with pesticide bottles thrown in the field, the reporter could not find; directly into the tea farm to view pesticide bottles, but also not realistic. However, starting from the people surrounding the tea farmers can still find a breakthrough.

When the journalist will carry a tea tasting note from Fujian Tieguanyin, the other party refused to drink it. Finally, he bluntly said: “Most of the oolong teas in Fujian rely on the use of large quantities of chemical fertilizers to produce and even use pesticides indiscriminately. We are next door. The company specialized in Tieguanyin, and I ran to ask him: 'Is your family's Tie Guanyin fighting drugs?' He also told the truth, he must fight drugs, and in their village, some people hit pesticide the afternoon before the next morning When the dew appeared, it began picking tea.

According to national regulations, tea must be sprayed with pesticides seven days before picking. I went to his house and turned around behind the house to find that the bottle of banned pesticides had just been thrown away by the wall. ”

Wang Pei, Greenpeace, had seen banned pesticides in the tea plantation. Prior to the release of the report, Wang Hao and three colleagues and several volunteers took about six months to conduct a field survey of the tea plantations. “In Anxi, Fujian Province and Zhangzhou, Zhejiang Province, the largest tea production base in China, we saw in the fields the pesticide pesticide bottles used by farmers. At farmers’ homes, they used the medicine bottles that were used during the summer and autumn last year, and they accumulated a bucket and placed it on In his own backyard, 'Mandevis' was written on it,” recalled Wang Xi. They visited 8 tea farmers. Few people knew that these pesticides were "banned goods."

“A lot of tea farmers know little about themselves. What pesticides have been banned, how to use pesticides correctly, and no one to seriously guide them, basically relying on feelings, or seeing what other people use, what would he use? Sometimes pesticides are used in the wrong way. At first glance, if there is no cure for worms, it is thought that spraying will reduce the amount of pesticides, which will increase the amount of pesticides and lead to excessive pesticide residues. Many tea growers will also prefer pesticides with high toxicity because they are effective. The cost is low." The tea merchant told reporters.

However, depending on the phenomenon of individual “points”, it cannot determine the quality level of Chinese tea in the entire “face”. In the interview, almost all people in the tea industry told reporters that the only way was to test the tea retail sector.

“Take green tea as an example. If fresh leaves are harvested, if they are not processed immediately, after four or five hours, they will no longer be able to make tea. It will take at least one day for results to be sent to the inspection. Therefore, no one will receive any results. When the fresh leaves are detected, the production process is completely uncontrollable. The sample submitted by the company cannot accurately reflect the actual situation. Even if the tea he sells has problems, he will get a good sample." A regular inspection The tea merchant told reporters.

In recent years, there has been continued detection of illegal pesticides on the retail side.

For example, in 2007, the Guangzhou Municipal Bureau of Industry and Commerce conducted a test on 17 batches of samples in Guangzhou, with the highest methamusosine residue being 0.08 mg/kg, and the acephate failed sample 1 batch, DDT failed. There are 9 batches. In 2008, Anxi Oolong tea was detected as a pesticide residue project exceeded. At the time, 2809 tea samples tested by the Quanzhou Bureau's tea lab were found to contain banned pesticides DDT and fenvalerate, which seriously affected the export of tea at that time.

However, the tea traders also frankly told reporters: “Spotting is also tricky, and often it is a good company that doesn’t smoke. Even if it is detected, it often lacks the basis for punishment.”

According to the “Maximal Residue Limits of Chlorpyrifos, Chlorpyrifos, Diazine Phosphorous, Phthoxal, Acephate, Methamidophos, and Volvosulfide in Tea” formulated by China on October 3, 2005, the maximum residue of chlorpyrifos-methyl The limit is 1 mg/kg, acephate is 0.1 mg/kg, chlorpyrifos is 1 mg/kg, methamidophos is 0.1 mg/kg, diazoxide is 0.5 mg/kg, and oxathione is 0.5 mg/kg. The fenthion was 0.5 mg/kg.

In addition, according to "GB2763-2005 Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Foods", acephate is 0.1 mg/kg, DDT is 0.2 mg/kg, deltamethrin is 10 mg/kg, cis-feroate ) was 2 mg/kg, chlorfenoxazole was 0.5 mg/kg, fluvoxanthion was black tea, and green tea was 20 mg/kg; 666 was 0.2 mg/kg, and permethrin was 20 mg/kg.

The "GB26130-2010 paraquat and other 54 pesticides in the maximum residue limit" file, the reporter statistics, applies to tea tree pesticide residue testing project only 7 items, namely: difenoconazole, the maximum limit of 10mg/kg; Glyphosate was 1 mg/kg; diflubenzuron was 20 mg/kg; endosulfan was 20 mg/kg; methomyl was 3 mg/kg; bumethidazone was 10 mg/kg; and carprodantine was 20 mg/kg.

However, on tea plants, there are 42 kinds of pesticides that have been banned before 2010 in China. Common are: six hundred and six, DDT, methyl parathion, parathion, methamidophos, phosphorus uptake, dicofol, fenvalerate (fentrafen, fast killing), g Budweiser (carbofuran). Others are toxaphene, dibromochloropropane, insecticidal anthraquinone, dibromoethane, herbicidal ether, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations, arsenic, lead, adversaribine bis, fluoroacetamide, and fluoridation , Tetramine, Sodium fluoroacetate, Tetramine, Monocrotophos, Phosphine, Phosphate, Methylisotriphos, Tebutrion, Methionine, Phosphorus, Aldicarb, Extinction Phosphorus, Sulphur-Phosphorus, Fly Phosphorus, Phytophos, Chlorzophos, Benzene-Phosphorus, Fipronil. Ban on Maduro and Endosulfan began on June 15, 2011.

According to the actual conditions of tea production, drinking, and export, the Ministry of Agriculture also proposes the ban on 9 pesticides: fenpropathrin, pyridoxine, dimethoate, buprofezin, and acephate. Killer dandan (Bataan), imidacloprid, acetamiprid, triazophos.

This means that up to 35 of these 42 banned pesticides do not have MRLs. In the final analysis, it is precisely because the authoritative department has not determined at least how much of the remaining 35 kinds of banned pesticides will cause harm to the human body, so that this matter has become a confused account. Even if banned pesticides are detected in tea, the parties and experts can push forward “a few decades ago to remain in the soil” and ban almost a piece of waste paper.

Of course, scientific risk assessment of pesticides is not an easy task. When formulating the maximum residue limit, a safety factor of at least 100 times is generally added. Occasionally eating excessive residual agricultural products will not necessarily lead to safety accidents. However, the investigation report released by Greenpeace does not exceed the standard if it complies with the national standard.

“An expert from the Chinese Academy of Sciences proposed that even if the detection of pesticide residues exceeds the standard, because the test is dry tea, many heavy metals and fat-soluble pesticides are insoluble or slightly soluble in water, so the actual human intake is not that much. Still standing on the basis of seeking truth from facts, but the demand for tea is of course the higher the better, and we also have a lot of tea is dedicated to the European market." Yu Jun thinks.

Wang Xi's view is: "There are some tea pesticide residues, if the long-term drinking will have a certain impact on the human body, resulting in human endocrine system damage and other consequences. Establish a comprehensive tea supply chain traceability system, the tea production process Effective control to eliminate the use of highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides and reduce the use of pesticides is a truly responsible enterprise."

The tea traders from Minnan in the previous article believe that: “The industry shakes, and now it looks like it has only economic benefits. When the media was exposed, everyone didn’t buy it. From the local government to the tea farmers, all were anxious. The procurement of Longjing tea across the country was basically In addition to going directly to the tea farmer's home, he purchased the goods from the dealers in Hangzhou.The report of Greenpeace detected that there were pesticide residues in West Lake Longjing. A friend of the tea merchants in Hangzhou told me that as long as the tea farmers were sampled in the dealer's warehouse, Excessive standards will be burned."