Seven Methods for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Replant Diseases in Fruit Trees

Replant disease of fruit trees is also known as replant disease. It refers to the phenomenon of low planting survival rate, small growth, low yield, and poor quality when replanting the same species of fruit trees on the old orchard site. The reasons are as follows: First, the inhibition of the fruit trees of the former pods on the fruit trees of the double pods; second, the infiltration of soil microorganisms; third, the imbalance of the proportion of soil nutrients.

1. Rotation of fruit trees. In the orchards of the former peach trees, it is not appropriate to plant fruit trees such as peaches, apricots, plums, and cherries. This is ideal for planting pear trees. The former is an apple orchard. It is better to replant cherries to prevent cherry replantation.

2. Deeply change the soil. Deep plowing can be performed in the planting hole to dig up and remove 0.5 cubic meters of soil from the planting hole. The soil can be filled into the planting hole, and then the fruit tree can be planted to prevent the replantation of fruit trees.

3. Soil treatment. The use of formalin containing 37% formaldehyde to disinfect the soil results in better results and lower costs. During the treatment, the soil in the planting hole or in the planting ditch was dug up, then formalin was sprayed while filling the soil. After spraying, the soil was covered with a mulch to kill the nematodes, bacteria, radioactive bacteria and fungi in the soil. Also can be used 1,3-D, EDB and other nematicides, captan bactericide, broad-spectrum biocide: such as chlorotrimethylmethane, methyl bromide to kill nematodes, fungi and bacteria. Or with a high dose of methyl bromide, 100 grams per square meter of soil is applied.

4. Soil heating. Sunny weather in summer and early autumn. Covering the soil with a mulching film can increase the orchard soil temperature to above 50°C, which can play a role of heat sterilization. When a small amount of soil is heated, the container can be used for warming. When the temperature reaches 50°C, the occurrence of replantation disease can be partially eliminated. When the temperature reaches 60°C to 70°C, the occurrence of replantation disease can be completely eliminated, and 70% treatment for 1 hour has the best effect. After the soil was reprocessed, the peach, apple, pear, apricot and cherry all had the effect of promoting growth.

5. Apply resistant seedlings. When fruit trees are planted in orchards, it is an ideal measure to use anti-replant disease fruit trees. According to the study of the almond and peach hybrid root stock GF677, the resistance to peach replant disease is strong. After the cultivars were grafted onto this rootstock and planted in Taoyuan, where two pods had been planted in succession, the tree growth was still good and the yield was not affected.

6. Administration of VAM fungi. The VAM fungus, a vesicle-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, is an endophytic mycorrhizal fungus that is beneficially associated with fruit trees. When the fruit trees are planted heavily, the direct inoculation of VAM fungi in the rhizosphere of fruit trees can reduce the occurrence of replant diseases in fruit trees and promote the growth and fruiting of fruit trees. It is also possible to plant legumes such as crowns, clover and alfalfa before planting fruit trees. These leguminous crops are the hosts of VAM fungi. Planting these crops can promote the occurrence, development, and mass reproduction of VAM fungi in the soil: it can also fix nitrogen. Increase soil fertility, and it is not easy to replant diseases after fruit trees are colonized. In particular, inoculation of VAM fungi on the basis of soil disinfection has a significant effect on the prevention of replantation of fruit trees.

7. Science supplements nutrition. Before orchard planting, soil analysis of the orchard should be carried out to understand the loss or accumulation of nutrients in the orchard soil. Then determine the pear fertilization program, supplement and adjust the nutrient elements in the soil, with particular attention to the application of organic fertilizers and trace elements.

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